Lokalized - Languages - Italian

Cardinalities

CARDINALITY_ONE

Matches i = 1 and v = 0

Example Integers: 1
CARDINALITY_MANY

Matches e = 0 and i != 0 and i % 1000000 = 0 and v = 0 or e != 0..5

Example Integers: 1000000, …
CARDINALITY_OTHER

Matches all other values

Example Integers: 0, 2, 16, 100, 1000, 10000, 100000, …

Example Decimals: 0.0, 1.5, 10.0, 100.0, 1000.0, 10000.0, 100000.0, 1000000.0, …

Cardinality example

This localized strings example uses complete, page-local CLDR minimal-pair patterns to demonstrate every Cardinality category defined for the locale. Minimal-pair text contrasts grammatical forms; it is language-reference data, not reusable application copy.

Source: Unicode CLDR 48.2 it locale data.

Sample localized strings file

it.json Localized Strings File (Italian)

{
  "Cardinality.MinimalPair": {
    "commentary": "Demonstrates every CLDR cardinal category defined for this locale.",
    "translation": "{{cardinalityExample}}",
    "placeholders": {
      "cardinalityExample": {
        "value": "cardinalityValue",
        "translations": {
          "CARDINALITY_ONE": "{{formattedCardinalityValue}} giorno",
          "CARDINALITY_MANY": "{{formattedCardinalityValue}} di giorni",
          "CARDINALITY_OTHER": "{{formattedCardinalityValue}} giorni"
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

Usage and expected results

The Java code passes each raw number for cardinality selection and formats its display value separately with NumberFormat.

Locale locale = Locale.forLanguageTag("it");

Strings strings = Strings.withFallbackLocale(locale)
  .localizedStringSupplier(() -> LocalizedStringLoader.loadFromFilesystem(Paths.get("strings")))
  .localeSupplier((matcher) -> matcher.bestMatchFor(locale))
  .build();

NumberFormat numberFormat = NumberFormat.getNumberInstance(locale);

// Raw numbers select language forms; NumberFormat produces the display values

// CARDINALITY_ONE
Number oneCardinalityValue = 1;
String oneFormattedCardinalityValue = numberFormat.format(oneCardinalityValue);

assertEquals(Cardinality.ONE, Cardinality.forNumber(oneCardinalityValue, locale));

// Expected: 1 giorno
assertEquals(oneFormattedCardinalityValue + " giorno", strings.get(
  "Cardinality.MinimalPair",
  Map.of(
    "cardinalityValue", oneCardinalityValue,
    "formattedCardinalityValue", oneFormattedCardinalityValue
  )
));

// CARDINALITY_MANY
Number manyCardinalityValue = 1_000_000;
String manyFormattedCardinalityValue = numberFormat.format(manyCardinalityValue);

assertEquals(Cardinality.MANY, Cardinality.forNumber(manyCardinalityValue, locale));

// Expected: 1.000.000 di giorni
assertEquals(manyFormattedCardinalityValue + " di giorni", strings.get(
  "Cardinality.MinimalPair",
  Map.of(
    "cardinalityValue", manyCardinalityValue,
    "formattedCardinalityValue", manyFormattedCardinalityValue
  )
));

// CARDINALITY_OTHER
Number otherCardinalityValue = 0;
String otherFormattedCardinalityValue = numberFormat.format(otherCardinalityValue);

assertEquals(Cardinality.OTHER, Cardinality.forNumber(otherCardinalityValue, locale));

// Expected: 0 giorni
assertEquals(otherFormattedCardinalityValue + " giorni", strings.get(
  "Cardinality.MinimalPair",
  Map.of(
    "cardinalityValue", otherCardinalityValue,
    "formattedCardinalityValue", otherFormattedCardinalityValue
  )
));

Cardinality Ranges

These are CLDR's explicit range mappings. For any start/end pair not listed, Cardinality.forRange(...) falls back to the ending cardinality.

CARDINALITY_ONE - CARDINALITY_OTHER

Matches CARDINALITY_OTHER
CARDINALITY_OTHER - CARDINALITY_ONE

Matches CARDINALITY_ONE
CARDINALITY_OTHER - CARDINALITY_OTHER

Matches CARDINALITY_OTHER

Cardinality range example

The start and end cardinalities select the locale's CLDR range result. The selected form wraps a separately formatted display range.

Sample localized strings file

it.json Localized Strings File (Italian)

{
  "Delivery.Window": {
    "commentary": "Estimated delivery window, expressed as a range of days.",
    "translation": "{{window}}",
    "placeholders": {
      "window": {
        "range": {
          "start": "minDays",
          "end": "maxDays"
        },
        "translations": {
          "CARDINALITY_ONE": "{{formattedDayRange}} giorno",
          "CARDINALITY_MANY": "{{formattedDayRange}} giorni",
          "CARDINALITY_OTHER": "{{formattedDayRange}} giorni"
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

Usage and expected results

The Java code passes raw range endpoints for selection. Because NumberFormat formats one number at a time, it formats both endpoints separately and joins them for display; choose range punctuation appropriate to your application.

Locale locale = Locale.forLanguageTag("it");

Strings strings = Strings.withFallbackLocale(locale)
  .localizedStringSupplier(() -> LocalizedStringLoader.loadFromFilesystem(Paths.get("strings")))
  .localeSupplier((matcher) -> matcher.bestMatchFor(locale))
  .build();

NumberFormat numberFormat = NumberFormat.getNumberInstance(locale);

// Raw numbers select language forms; NumberFormat produces the display values

// CARDINALITY_OTHER range
Number minDays = 1;
String formattedMinDays = numberFormat.format(minDays);
Number maxDays = 2;
String formattedMaxDays = numberFormat.format(maxDays);
String formattedDayRange = formattedMinDays + "-" + formattedMaxDays;

assertEquals(Cardinality.OTHER, Cardinality.forRange(
  Cardinality.forNumber(minDays, locale),
  Cardinality.forNumber(maxDays, locale),
  locale
));

// Expected: 1-2 giorni
assertEquals(formattedDayRange + " giorni", strings.get(
  "Delivery.Window",
  Map.of("minDays", minDays, "maxDays", maxDays, "formattedDayRange", formattedDayRange)
));

Ordinalities

ORDINALITY_MANY

Matches n = 11,8,80,800

Example Integers: 8, 11, 80, 800
ORDINALITY_OTHER

Matches all other values

Example Integers: 0, 7, 9, 10, 12, 17, 100, 1000, 10000, 100000, 1000000, …

Ordinality example

This localized strings example uses complete CLDR minimal-pair patterns to demonstrate every Ordinality category defined for the locale.

Source: Unicode CLDR 48.2 it locale data.

Sample localized strings file

it.json Localized Strings File (Italian)

{
  "Ordinal.MinimalPair": {
    "commentary": "Demonstrates every CLDR ordinal category defined for this locale.",
    "translation": "{{ordinalExample}}",
    "placeholders": {
      "ordinalExample": {
        "value": "ordinalValue",
        "translations": {
          "ORDINALITY_MANY": "Prendi l’{{formattedOrdinalValue}}° a destra.",
          "ORDINALITY_OTHER": "Prendi la {{formattedOrdinalValue}}° a destra."
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

Usage and expected results

The Java code passes each raw number to Ordinality.forNumber(...) and formats its display value separately with NumberFormat.

Locale locale = Locale.forLanguageTag("it");

Strings strings = Strings.withFallbackLocale(locale)
  .localizedStringSupplier(() -> LocalizedStringLoader.loadFromFilesystem(Paths.get("strings")))
  .localeSupplier((matcher) -> matcher.bestMatchFor(locale))
  .build();

NumberFormat numberFormat = NumberFormat.getNumberInstance(locale);

// Raw numbers select language forms; NumberFormat produces the display values

// ORDINALITY_MANY
Number manyOrdinalValue = 8;
String manyFormattedOrdinalValue = numberFormat.format(manyOrdinalValue);

assertEquals(Ordinality.MANY, Ordinality.forNumber(manyOrdinalValue, locale));

// Expected: Prendi l’8° a destra.
// U+2019 RIGHT SINGLE QUOTATION MARK preserves the punctuation used by the localized source text
assertEquals("Prendi l\u2019" + manyFormattedOrdinalValue + "° a destra.", strings.get(
  "Ordinal.MinimalPair",
  Map.of("ordinalValue", manyOrdinalValue, "formattedOrdinalValue", manyFormattedOrdinalValue)
));

// ORDINALITY_OTHER
Number otherOrdinalValue = 7;
String otherFormattedOrdinalValue = numberFormat.format(otherOrdinalValue);

assertEquals(Ordinality.OTHER, Ordinality.forNumber(otherOrdinalValue, locale));

// Expected: Prendi la 7° a destra.
assertEquals("Prendi la " + otherFormattedOrdinalValue + "° a destra.", strings.get(
  "Ordinal.MinimalPair",
  Map.of("ordinalValue", otherOrdinalValue, "formattedOrdinalValue", otherFormattedOrdinalValue)
));

Language-Specific Examples

These examples show how Lokalized models grammatical choices and translation behavior that commonly affect Italian application copy. Each example identifies the Lokalized language forms and other library features it uses.

Article forms by phonetic onset

Italian masculine singular articles vary by onset. This example covers a regular consonant, s impura, z, gn, ps, pn, x, and a vowel.

Language reference: Treccani - Italian article selection

Lokalized forms used: Phonetic

Sample localized strings file

it.json Localized Strings File (Italian)

{
  "I see {{noun}}.": {
    "translation": "Vedo {{object}}.",
    "placeholders": {
      "object": {
        "value": "noun",
        "translations": {
          "PHONETIC_CONSONANT": "il libro",
          "PHONETIC_S_IMPURE": "lo studente",
          "PHONETIC_Z": "lo zaino",
          "PHONETIC_GN": "lo gnomo",
          "PHONETIC_PS": "lo psicologo",
          "PHONETIC_PN": "lo pneumatico",
          "PHONETIC_X": "lo xilofono",
          "PHONETIC_VOWEL": "l'amico"
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

The application-provided resolver classifies each raw term at runtime. Its small lookup map stands in for application-specific pronunciation logic or a lexicon.

Usage and expected results

Locale locale = Locale.forLanguageTag("it");

Map<String, Phonetic> phoneticsByTerm = Map.ofEntries(
  Map.entry("libro", Phonetic.CONSONANT),
  Map.entry("studente", Phonetic.S_IMPURE),
  Map.entry("zaino", Phonetic.Z),
  Map.entry("gnomo", Phonetic.GN),
  Map.entry("psicologo", Phonetic.PS),
  Map.entry("pneumatico", Phonetic.PN),
  Map.entry("xilofono", Phonetic.X),
  Map.entry("amico", Phonetic.VOWEL)
);
PhoneticResolver phoneticResolver = (term, ignoredLocale) ->
  phoneticsByTerm.getOrDefault(term, Phonetic.OTHER);

Strings strings = Strings.withFallbackLocale(locale)
  .localizedStringSupplier(() -> LocalizedStringLoader.loadFromFilesystem(Paths.get("strings")))
  .phoneticResolver(phoneticResolver)
  .localeSupplier((matcher) -> matcher.bestMatchFor(locale))
  .build();

assertEquals("Vedo il libro.", strings.get(
  "I see {{noun}}.", Map.of("noun", "libro")
));

assertEquals("Vedo lo studente.", strings.get(
  "I see {{noun}}.", Map.of("noun", "studente")
));

assertEquals("Vedo lo zaino.", strings.get(
  "I see {{noun}}.", Map.of("noun", "zaino")
));

assertEquals("Vedo lo gnomo.", strings.get(
  "I see {{noun}}.", Map.of("noun", "gnomo")
));

assertEquals("Vedo lo psicologo.", strings.get(
  "I see {{noun}}.", Map.of("noun", "psicologo")
));

assertEquals("Vedo lo pneumatico.", strings.get(
  "I see {{noun}}.", Map.of("noun", "pneumatico")
));

assertEquals("Vedo lo xilofono.", strings.get(
  "I see {{noun}}.", Map.of("noun", "xilofono")
));

assertEquals("Vedo l'amico.", strings.get(
  "I see {{noun}}.", Map.of("noun", "amico")
));

Addendum: Language Form Rules

The language form expressions above are specified by Unicode Technical Standard #35 and use the following notation:

n absolute value of the source number (integer and decimals)
i integer digits of n
v number of visible fraction digits in n, with trailing zeros
w number of visible fraction digits in n, without trailing zeros
f visible fractional digits in n, with trailing zeros
t visible fractional digits in n, without trailing zeros
c/e compact decimal exponent operands used by some CLDR compact-number rules

Cardinalities

CARDINALITY_ONE

CARDINALITY_MANY

CARDINALITY_OTHER

Cardinality example

Sample localized strings file

Usage and expected results

Cardinality Ranges

CARDINALITY_ONE - CARDINALITY_OTHER

CARDINALITY_OTHER - CARDINALITY_ONE

CARDINALITY_OTHER - CARDINALITY_OTHER

Cardinality range example

Sample localized strings file

Usage and expected results

Ordinalities

ORDINALITY_MANY

ORDINALITY_OTHER

Ordinality example

Sample localized strings file

Usage and expected results

Language-Specific Examples

Article forms by phonetic onset

Sample localized strings file

Usage and expected results

Addendum: Language Form Rules