Hebrew עברית

BCP 47 language tag: he

Lokalized supports cardinality, cardinality range, and ordinality rules for Hebrew.

Hebrew is most often spoken in Israel.

Cardinalities

  • CARDINALITY_ONE

    Matches i = 1 and v = 0 or i = 0 and v != 0

    Example Integers: 1

    Example Decimals: 0.0, 0.9, 0.00, 0.05

  • CARDINALITY_TWO

    Matches i = 2 and v = 0

    Example Integers: 2

  • CARDINALITY_OTHER

    Matches all other values

    Example Integers: 0, 3, 17, 100, 1000, 10000, 100000, 1000000, …

    Example Decimals: 1.0, 2.5, 10.0, 100.0, 1000.0, 10000.0, 100000.0, 1000000.0, …

Cardinality example

This localized strings file selects the localized form of “day” for a delivery estimate. Raw numbers choose the CLDR category; values formatted for display are interpolated.

Sample localized strings file
he.json Localized Strings File (Hebrew)
{
  "Delivery.LeadTime": {
    "commentary": "Estimated delivery time, expressed in days.",
    "translation": "{{leadTime}}",
    "placeholders": {
      "leadTime": {
        "value": "dayCount",
        "translations": {
          "CARDINALITY_ONE": "{{formattedDayCount}} יום",
          "CARDINALITY_TWO": "יומיים",
          "CARDINALITY_OTHER": "{{formattedDayCount}} ימים"
        }
      }
    }
  }
}
Usage and expected results

JavaScript

The JavaScript code passes each raw number for cardinality selection and formats its display value separately with Intl.NumberFormat. For this right-to-left locale, the default bidiIsolation, "rtl-locales", wraps caller-supplied formatted values with U+2068 FIRST STRONG ISOLATE and U+2069 POP DIRECTIONAL ISOLATE; the expected strings below show those escapes.

import { cardinalityForNumber, createStrings } from "lokalized";
import { readStringsFromDirectory } from "lokalized/node";

const locale = "he";

const strings = createStrings({
  localizedStringSupplier: () => readStringsFromDirectory("strings").catalogs,
  fallbackLocale: locale,
  localeSupplier: () => locale,
});

const numberFormat = new Intl.NumberFormat(locale);

// Raw numbers select language forms; Intl.NumberFormat produces the display values

// CARDINALITY_ONE
const oneDayCount = 1;
const oneFormattedDayCount = numberFormat.format(oneDayCount);

cardinalityForNumber(oneDayCount, locale).name;   // => "CARDINALITY_ONE"
// U+2068 FIRST STRONG ISOLATE begins bidirectional isolation around a caller-supplied value in right-to-left text
// U+2069 POP DIRECTIONAL ISOLATE ends bidirectional isolation around a caller-supplied value in right-to-left text
strings.get("Delivery.LeadTime", {
  dayCount: oneDayCount,
  formattedDayCount: oneFormattedDayCount,
});   // => "\u20681\u2069 יום"

// CARDINALITY_TWO
const twoDayCount = 2;
const twoFormattedDayCount = numberFormat.format(twoDayCount);

cardinalityForNumber(twoDayCount, locale).name;   // => "CARDINALITY_TWO"
strings.get("Delivery.LeadTime", {
  dayCount: twoDayCount,
  formattedDayCount: twoFormattedDayCount,
});   // => "יומיים"

// CARDINALITY_OTHER
const otherDayCount = 0;
const otherFormattedDayCount = numberFormat.format(otherDayCount);

cardinalityForNumber(otherDayCount, locale).name;   // => "CARDINALITY_OTHER"
strings.get("Delivery.LeadTime", {
  dayCount: otherDayCount,
  formattedDayCount: otherFormattedDayCount,
});   // => "\u20680\u2069 ימים"

Java

The Java code passes each raw number for cardinality selection and formats its display value separately with NumberFormat. For this right-to-left locale, Lokalized's default BidiIsolation.RTL_LOCALES wraps caller-supplied formatted values with U+2068 FIRST STRONG ISOLATE and U+2069 POP DIRECTIONAL ISOLATE; the expected expressions below show those escapes.

Locale locale = Locale.forLanguageTag("he");

Strings strings = Strings.withFallbackLocale(locale)
  .localizedStringSupplier(() -> LocalizedStringLoader.loadFromFilesystem(Paths.get("strings")))
  .localeSupplier((matcher) -> matcher.bestMatchFor(locale))
  .build();

NumberFormat numberFormat = NumberFormat.getNumberInstance(locale);

// Raw numbers select language forms; NumberFormat produces the display values

// CARDINALITY_ONE
Number oneDayCount = 1;
String oneFormattedDayCount = numberFormat.format(oneDayCount);

assertEquals(Cardinality.ONE, Cardinality.forNumber(oneDayCount, locale));

// Expected: <FSI>1<PDI> יום
// U+2068 FIRST STRONG ISOLATE begins bidirectional isolation around a caller-supplied value in right-to-left text
// U+2069 POP DIRECTIONAL ISOLATE ends bidirectional isolation around a caller-supplied value in right-to-left text
assertEquals("\u2068" + oneFormattedDayCount + "\u2069 יום", strings.get(
  "Delivery.LeadTime", Map.of("dayCount", oneDayCount, "formattedDayCount", oneFormattedDayCount)
));

// CARDINALITY_TWO
Number twoDayCount = 2;
String twoFormattedDayCount = numberFormat.format(twoDayCount);

assertEquals(Cardinality.TWO, Cardinality.forNumber(twoDayCount, locale));

assertEquals("יומיים", strings.get(
  "Delivery.LeadTime", Map.of("dayCount", twoDayCount, "formattedDayCount", twoFormattedDayCount)
));

// CARDINALITY_OTHER
Number otherDayCount = 0;
String otherFormattedDayCount = numberFormat.format(otherDayCount);

assertEquals(Cardinality.OTHER, Cardinality.forNumber(otherDayCount, locale));

// Expected: <FSI>0<PDI> ימים
assertEquals("\u2068" + otherFormattedDayCount + "\u2069 ימים", strings.get(
  "Delivery.LeadTime", Map.of("dayCount", otherDayCount, "formattedDayCount", otherFormattedDayCount)
));

Swift

Swift uses pinned CLDR rules for raw numeric values. The display strings in these assertions are fixed examples; applications format display values separately with Foundation. Default .rtlLocales bidi isolation adds FSI/PDI to interpolated values in right-to-left output.

import Foundation
import Lokalized

let locale = try LocaleTag("he")
let files = try LocalizedStringLoader.loadFromDirectory(URL(fileURLWithPath: "strings"))
let catalogs = files.mapValues { LocalizedCatalog(strings: $0.strings) }

let strings = try DefaultStrings(configuration: StringsConfiguration(
  localizedStringSupplier: { catalogs }, localeSupplier: { _ in locale },
  fallbackLocale: locale
))

// CARDINALITY_ONE
let number1 = try NumericValue.forDecimal("1")
let category1 = try Cardinality.forNumber(number1, locale: locale.tag)
assert(category1 == .one)
// This fixed display value makes the translation assertion reproducible.
let display1 = "1"
let message1 = try strings.get("Delivery.LeadTime", placeholders: [
  "dayCount": .number(number1),
  "formattedDayCount": .text(display1),
])
assert(ExactString(message1) == ExactString("\u{2068}1\u{2069} יום"))

// CARDINALITY_TWO
let number2 = try NumericValue.forDecimal("2")
let category2 = try Cardinality.forNumber(number2, locale: locale.tag)
assert(category2 == .two)
// This fixed display value makes the translation assertion reproducible.
let display2 = "2"
let message2 = try strings.get("Delivery.LeadTime", placeholders: [
  "dayCount": .number(number2),
  "formattedDayCount": .text(display2),
])
assert(ExactString(message2) == ExactString("יומיים"))

// CARDINALITY_OTHER
let number3 = try NumericValue.forDecimal("0")
let category3 = try Cardinality.forNumber(number3, locale: locale.tag)
assert(category3 == .other)
// This fixed display value makes the translation assertion reproducible.
let display3 = "0"
let message3 = try strings.get("Delivery.LeadTime", placeholders: [
  "dayCount": .number(number3),
  "formattedDayCount": .text(display3),
])
assert(ExactString(message3) == ExactString("\u{2068}0\u{2069} ימים"))

Cardinality Ranges

These are CLDR's explicit range mappings. For any start/end pair not listed, the range falls back to the ending cardinality.

  • CARDINALITY_ONE - CARDINALITY_TWO

    Matches CARDINALITY_OTHER

  • CARDINALITY_ONE - CARDINALITY_OTHER

    Matches CARDINALITY_OTHER

  • CARDINALITY_TWO - CARDINALITY_OTHER

    Matches CARDINALITY_OTHER

  • CARDINALITY_OTHER - CARDINALITY_ONE

    Matches CARDINALITY_OTHER

  • CARDINALITY_OTHER - CARDINALITY_TWO

    Matches CARDINALITY_OTHER

  • CARDINALITY_OTHER - CARDINALITY_OTHER

    Matches CARDINALITY_OTHER

Cardinality range example

The start and end cardinalities select the locale's CLDR range result. The selected form wraps a separately formatted display range.

Sample localized strings file
he.json Localized Strings File (Hebrew)
{
  "Delivery.Window": {
    "commentary": "Estimated delivery window, expressed as a range of days.",
    "translation": "{{window}}",
    "placeholders": {
      "window": {
        "range": {
          "start": "minDays",
          "end": "maxDays"
        },
        "translations": {
          "CARDINALITY_ONE": "{{formattedDayRange}} יום",
          "CARDINALITY_TWO": "{{formattedDayRange}} יומיים",
          "CARDINALITY_OTHER": "{{formattedDayRange}} ימים"
        }
      }
    }
  }
}
Usage and expected results

JavaScript

The JavaScript code passes raw range endpoints for selection, formats both endpoints separately with Intl.NumberFormat, and joins them for display; choose range punctuation appropriate to your application. Range rules are an optional import, lokalized/data/ranges. For this right-to-left locale, the default bidiIsolation, "rtl-locales", wraps caller-supplied formatted values with U+2068 FIRST STRONG ISOLATE and U+2069 POP DIRECTIONAL ISOLATE; the expected strings below show those escapes.

import { cardinalityForNumber, createStrings } from "lokalized";
import { cardinalRangeData, cardinalityForRange } from "lokalized/data/ranges";
import { readStringsFromDirectory } from "lokalized/node";

const locale = "he";

const strings = createStrings({
  localizedStringSupplier: () => readStringsFromDirectory("strings").catalogs,
  fallbackLocale: locale,
  localeSupplier: () => locale,
  pluralData: { ranges: cardinalRangeData },
});

const numberFormat = new Intl.NumberFormat(locale);

// Raw numbers select language forms; Intl.NumberFormat produces the display values

// CARDINALITY_OTHER range
const minDays = 1;
const formattedMinDays = numberFormat.format(minDays);
const maxDays = 2;
const formattedMaxDays = numberFormat.format(maxDays);
const formattedDayRange = formattedMinDays + "-" + formattedMaxDays;

cardinalityForRange(
  cardinalityForNumber(minDays, locale),
  cardinalityForNumber(maxDays, locale),
  locale
).name;   // => "CARDINALITY_OTHER"
// U+2068 FIRST STRONG ISOLATE begins bidirectional isolation around a caller-supplied value in right-to-left text
// U+2069 POP DIRECTIONAL ISOLATE ends bidirectional isolation around a caller-supplied value in right-to-left text
strings.get("Delivery.Window", { minDays, maxDays, formattedDayRange });   // => "\u20681-2\u2069 ימים"

Java

The Java code passes raw range endpoints for selection. Because NumberFormat formats one number at a time, it formats both endpoints separately and joins them for display; choose range punctuation appropriate to your application. For this right-to-left locale, Lokalized's default BidiIsolation.RTL_LOCALES wraps caller-supplied formatted values with U+2068 FIRST STRONG ISOLATE and U+2069 POP DIRECTIONAL ISOLATE; the expected expressions below show those escapes.

Locale locale = Locale.forLanguageTag("he");

Strings strings = Strings.withFallbackLocale(locale)
  .localizedStringSupplier(() -> LocalizedStringLoader.loadFromFilesystem(Paths.get("strings")))
  .localeSupplier((matcher) -> matcher.bestMatchFor(locale))
  .build();

NumberFormat numberFormat = NumberFormat.getNumberInstance(locale);

// Raw numbers select language forms; NumberFormat produces the display values

// CARDINALITY_OTHER range
Number minDays = 1;
String formattedMinDays = numberFormat.format(minDays);
Number maxDays = 2;
String formattedMaxDays = numberFormat.format(maxDays);
String formattedDayRange = formattedMinDays + "-" + formattedMaxDays;

assertEquals(Cardinality.OTHER, Cardinality.forRange(
  Cardinality.forNumber(minDays, locale),
  Cardinality.forNumber(maxDays, locale),
  locale
));

// Expected: <FSI>1-2<PDI> ימים
// U+2068 FIRST STRONG ISOLATE begins bidirectional isolation around a caller-supplied value in right-to-left text
// U+2069 POP DIRECTIONAL ISOLATE ends bidirectional isolation around a caller-supplied value in right-to-left text
assertEquals("\u2068" + formattedDayRange + "\u2069 ימים", strings.get(
  "Delivery.Window",
  Map.of("minDays", minDays, "maxDays", maxDays, "formattedDayRange", formattedDayRange)
));

Swift

Swift uses pinned CLDR rules for raw numeric values. The display strings in these assertions are fixed examples; applications format display values separately with Foundation. Default .rtlLocales bidi isolation adds FSI/PDI to interpolated values in right-to-left output.

import Foundation
import Lokalized

let locale = try LocaleTag("he")
let files = try LocalizedStringLoader.loadFromDirectory(URL(fileURLWithPath: "strings"))
let catalogs = files.mapValues { LocalizedCatalog(strings: $0.strings) }

let strings = try DefaultStrings(configuration: StringsConfiguration(
  localizedStringSupplier: { catalogs }, localeSupplier: { _ in locale },
  fallbackLocale: locale
))

let start = try NumericValue.forDecimal("1")
let end = try NumericValue.forDecimal("2")
let startForm = try Cardinality.forNumber(start, locale: locale.tag)
let endForm = try Cardinality.forNumber(end, locale: locale.tag)
let rangeForm = try Cardinality.forRange(startForm, endForm, locale: locale.tag)
assert(rangeForm == .other)
let message1 = try strings.get("Delivery.Window", placeholders: [
  "minDays": .number(start),
  "maxDays": .number(end),
  "formattedDayRange": .text("1-2"),
])
assert(ExactString(message1) == ExactString("\u{2068}1-2\u{2069} ימים"))

Ordinalities

All ordinal numbers use ORDINALITY_OTHER; no value selects a different form.

Example: פנו ימינה בפנייה ה-2.

Addendum: Language Form Rules

The language form expressions above are specified by Unicode Technical Standard #35 and use the following notation:

  • n absolute value of the source number (integer and decimals)
  • i integer digits of n
  • v number of visible fraction digits in n, with trailing zeros
  • w number of visible fraction digits in n, without trailing zeros
  • f visible fractional digits in n, with trailing zeros
  • t visible fractional digits in n, without trailing zeros
  • c/e compact decimal exponent operands used by some CLDR compact-number rules