Cardinalities
-
CARDINALITY_ONE
Matches
i = 1 and v = 0 or i = 0 and v != 0Example Integers:
1Example Decimals:
0.0, 0.9, 0.00, 0.05 -
CARDINALITY_TWO
Matches
i = 2 and v = 0Example Integers:
2 -
CARDINALITY_OTHER
Matches
all other valuesExample Integers:
0, 3, 17, 100, 1000, 10000, 100000, 1000000, …Example Decimals:
1.0, 2.5, 10.0, 100.0, 1000.0, 10000.0, 100000.0, 1000000.0, …
Cardinality example
This localized strings file selects the localized form of “day” for a delivery estimate. Raw numbers choose the CLDR category; values formatted for display are interpolated.
Sample localized strings file
{ "Delivery.LeadTime": { "commentary": "Estimated delivery time, expressed in days.", "translation": "{{leadTime}}", "placeholders": { "leadTime": { "value": "dayCount", "translations": { "CARDINALITY_ONE": "{{formattedDayCount}} יום", "CARDINALITY_TWO": "יומיים", "CARDINALITY_OTHER": "{{formattedDayCount}} ימים" } } } } }
Usage and expected results
JavaScript
The JavaScript code passes each raw number for cardinality selection and formats its display value separately with Intl.NumberFormat. For this right-to-left locale, the default bidiIsolation, "rtl-locales", wraps caller-supplied formatted values with U+2068 FIRST STRONG ISOLATE and U+2069 POP DIRECTIONAL ISOLATE; the expected strings below show those escapes.
import { cardinalityForNumber, createStrings } from "lokalized"; import { readStringsFromDirectory } from "lokalized/node"; const locale = "he"; const strings = createStrings({ localizedStringSupplier: () => readStringsFromDirectory("strings").catalogs, fallbackLocale: locale, localeSupplier: () => locale, }); const numberFormat = new Intl.NumberFormat(locale); // Raw numbers select language forms; Intl.NumberFormat produces the display values // CARDINALITY_ONE const oneDayCount = 1; const oneFormattedDayCount = numberFormat.format(oneDayCount); cardinalityForNumber(oneDayCount, locale).name; // => "CARDINALITY_ONE" // U+2068 FIRST STRONG ISOLATE begins bidirectional isolation around a caller-supplied value in right-to-left text // U+2069 POP DIRECTIONAL ISOLATE ends bidirectional isolation around a caller-supplied value in right-to-left text strings.get("Delivery.LeadTime", { dayCount: oneDayCount, formattedDayCount: oneFormattedDayCount, }); // => "\u20681\u2069 יום" // CARDINALITY_TWO const twoDayCount = 2; const twoFormattedDayCount = numberFormat.format(twoDayCount); cardinalityForNumber(twoDayCount, locale).name; // => "CARDINALITY_TWO" strings.get("Delivery.LeadTime", { dayCount: twoDayCount, formattedDayCount: twoFormattedDayCount, }); // => "יומיים" // CARDINALITY_OTHER const otherDayCount = 0; const otherFormattedDayCount = numberFormat.format(otherDayCount); cardinalityForNumber(otherDayCount, locale).name; // => "CARDINALITY_OTHER" strings.get("Delivery.LeadTime", { dayCount: otherDayCount, formattedDayCount: otherFormattedDayCount, }); // => "\u20680\u2069 ימים"
Java
The Java code passes each raw number for cardinality selection and formats its display value separately with NumberFormat. For this right-to-left locale, Lokalized's default BidiIsolation.RTL_LOCALES wraps caller-supplied formatted values with U+2068 FIRST STRONG ISOLATE and U+2069 POP DIRECTIONAL ISOLATE; the expected expressions below show those escapes.
Locale locale = Locale.forLanguageTag("he"); Strings strings = Strings.withFallbackLocale(locale) .localizedStringSupplier(() -> LocalizedStringLoader.loadFromFilesystem(Paths.get("strings"))) .localeSupplier((matcher) -> matcher.bestMatchFor(locale)) .build(); NumberFormat numberFormat = NumberFormat.getNumberInstance(locale); // Raw numbers select language forms; NumberFormat produces the display values // CARDINALITY_ONE Number oneDayCount = 1; String oneFormattedDayCount = numberFormat.format(oneDayCount); assertEquals(Cardinality.ONE, Cardinality.forNumber(oneDayCount, locale)); // Expected: <FSI>1<PDI> יום // U+2068 FIRST STRONG ISOLATE begins bidirectional isolation around a caller-supplied value in right-to-left text // U+2069 POP DIRECTIONAL ISOLATE ends bidirectional isolation around a caller-supplied value in right-to-left text assertEquals("\u2068" + oneFormattedDayCount + "\u2069 יום", strings.get( "Delivery.LeadTime", Map.of("dayCount", oneDayCount, "formattedDayCount", oneFormattedDayCount) )); // CARDINALITY_TWO Number twoDayCount = 2; String twoFormattedDayCount = numberFormat.format(twoDayCount); assertEquals(Cardinality.TWO, Cardinality.forNumber(twoDayCount, locale)); assertEquals("יומיים", strings.get( "Delivery.LeadTime", Map.of("dayCount", twoDayCount, "formattedDayCount", twoFormattedDayCount) )); // CARDINALITY_OTHER Number otherDayCount = 0; String otherFormattedDayCount = numberFormat.format(otherDayCount); assertEquals(Cardinality.OTHER, Cardinality.forNumber(otherDayCount, locale)); // Expected: <FSI>0<PDI> ימים assertEquals("\u2068" + otherFormattedDayCount + "\u2069 ימים", strings.get( "Delivery.LeadTime", Map.of("dayCount", otherDayCount, "formattedDayCount", otherFormattedDayCount) ));
Swift
Swift uses pinned CLDR rules for raw numeric values. The display strings in these assertions are fixed examples; applications format display values separately with Foundation. Default .rtlLocales bidi isolation adds FSI/PDI to interpolated values in right-to-left output.
import Foundation import Lokalized let locale = try LocaleTag("he") let files = try LocalizedStringLoader.loadFromDirectory(URL(fileURLWithPath: "strings")) let catalogs = files.mapValues { LocalizedCatalog(strings: $0.strings) } let strings = try DefaultStrings(configuration: StringsConfiguration( localizedStringSupplier: { catalogs }, localeSupplier: { _ in locale }, fallbackLocale: locale )) // CARDINALITY_ONE let number1 = try NumericValue.forDecimal("1") let category1 = try Cardinality.forNumber(number1, locale: locale.tag) assert(category1 == .one) // This fixed display value makes the translation assertion reproducible. let display1 = "1" let message1 = try strings.get("Delivery.LeadTime", placeholders: [ "dayCount": .number(number1), "formattedDayCount": .text(display1), ]) assert(ExactString(message1) == ExactString("\u{2068}1\u{2069} יום")) // CARDINALITY_TWO let number2 = try NumericValue.forDecimal("2") let category2 = try Cardinality.forNumber(number2, locale: locale.tag) assert(category2 == .two) // This fixed display value makes the translation assertion reproducible. let display2 = "2" let message2 = try strings.get("Delivery.LeadTime", placeholders: [ "dayCount": .number(number2), "formattedDayCount": .text(display2), ]) assert(ExactString(message2) == ExactString("יומיים")) // CARDINALITY_OTHER let number3 = try NumericValue.forDecimal("0") let category3 = try Cardinality.forNumber(number3, locale: locale.tag) assert(category3 == .other) // This fixed display value makes the translation assertion reproducible. let display3 = "0" let message3 = try strings.get("Delivery.LeadTime", placeholders: [ "dayCount": .number(number3), "formattedDayCount": .text(display3), ]) assert(ExactString(message3) == ExactString("\u{2068}0\u{2069} ימים"))
Cardinality Ranges
These are CLDR's explicit range mappings. For any start/end pair not listed, the range falls back to the ending cardinality.
-
CARDINALITY_ONE - CARDINALITY_TWO
Matches
CARDINALITY_OTHER -
CARDINALITY_ONE - CARDINALITY_OTHER
Matches
CARDINALITY_OTHER -
CARDINALITY_TWO - CARDINALITY_OTHER
Matches
CARDINALITY_OTHER -
CARDINALITY_OTHER - CARDINALITY_ONE
Matches
CARDINALITY_OTHER -
CARDINALITY_OTHER - CARDINALITY_TWO
Matches
CARDINALITY_OTHER -
CARDINALITY_OTHER - CARDINALITY_OTHER
Matches
CARDINALITY_OTHER
Cardinality range example
The start and end cardinalities select the locale's CLDR range result. The selected form wraps a separately formatted display range.
Sample localized strings file
{ "Delivery.Window": { "commentary": "Estimated delivery window, expressed as a range of days.", "translation": "{{window}}", "placeholders": { "window": { "range": { "start": "minDays", "end": "maxDays" }, "translations": { "CARDINALITY_ONE": "{{formattedDayRange}} יום", "CARDINALITY_TWO": "{{formattedDayRange}} יומיים", "CARDINALITY_OTHER": "{{formattedDayRange}} ימים" } } } } }
Usage and expected results
JavaScript
The JavaScript code passes raw range endpoints for selection, formats both endpoints separately with Intl.NumberFormat, and joins them for display; choose range punctuation appropriate to your application. Range rules are an optional import, lokalized/data/ranges. For this right-to-left locale, the default bidiIsolation, "rtl-locales", wraps caller-supplied formatted values with U+2068 FIRST STRONG ISOLATE and U+2069 POP DIRECTIONAL ISOLATE; the expected strings below show those escapes.
import { cardinalityForNumber, createStrings } from "lokalized"; import { cardinalRangeData, cardinalityForRange } from "lokalized/data/ranges"; import { readStringsFromDirectory } from "lokalized/node"; const locale = "he"; const strings = createStrings({ localizedStringSupplier: () => readStringsFromDirectory("strings").catalogs, fallbackLocale: locale, localeSupplier: () => locale, pluralData: { ranges: cardinalRangeData }, }); const numberFormat = new Intl.NumberFormat(locale); // Raw numbers select language forms; Intl.NumberFormat produces the display values // CARDINALITY_OTHER range const minDays = 1; const formattedMinDays = numberFormat.format(minDays); const maxDays = 2; const formattedMaxDays = numberFormat.format(maxDays); const formattedDayRange = formattedMinDays + "-" + formattedMaxDays; cardinalityForRange( cardinalityForNumber(minDays, locale), cardinalityForNumber(maxDays, locale), locale ).name; // => "CARDINALITY_OTHER" // U+2068 FIRST STRONG ISOLATE begins bidirectional isolation around a caller-supplied value in right-to-left text // U+2069 POP DIRECTIONAL ISOLATE ends bidirectional isolation around a caller-supplied value in right-to-left text strings.get("Delivery.Window", { minDays, maxDays, formattedDayRange }); // => "\u20681-2\u2069 ימים"
Java
The Java code passes raw range endpoints for selection. Because NumberFormat formats one number at a time, it formats both endpoints separately and joins them for display; choose range punctuation appropriate to your application. For this right-to-left locale, Lokalized's default BidiIsolation.RTL_LOCALES wraps caller-supplied formatted values with U+2068 FIRST STRONG ISOLATE and U+2069 POP DIRECTIONAL ISOLATE; the expected expressions below show those escapes.
Locale locale = Locale.forLanguageTag("he"); Strings strings = Strings.withFallbackLocale(locale) .localizedStringSupplier(() -> LocalizedStringLoader.loadFromFilesystem(Paths.get("strings"))) .localeSupplier((matcher) -> matcher.bestMatchFor(locale)) .build(); NumberFormat numberFormat = NumberFormat.getNumberInstance(locale); // Raw numbers select language forms; NumberFormat produces the display values // CARDINALITY_OTHER range Number minDays = 1; String formattedMinDays = numberFormat.format(minDays); Number maxDays = 2; String formattedMaxDays = numberFormat.format(maxDays); String formattedDayRange = formattedMinDays + "-" + formattedMaxDays; assertEquals(Cardinality.OTHER, Cardinality.forRange( Cardinality.forNumber(minDays, locale), Cardinality.forNumber(maxDays, locale), locale )); // Expected: <FSI>1-2<PDI> ימים // U+2068 FIRST STRONG ISOLATE begins bidirectional isolation around a caller-supplied value in right-to-left text // U+2069 POP DIRECTIONAL ISOLATE ends bidirectional isolation around a caller-supplied value in right-to-left text assertEquals("\u2068" + formattedDayRange + "\u2069 ימים", strings.get( "Delivery.Window", Map.of("minDays", minDays, "maxDays", maxDays, "formattedDayRange", formattedDayRange) ));
Swift
Swift uses pinned CLDR rules for raw numeric values. The display strings in these assertions are fixed examples; applications format display values separately with Foundation. Default .rtlLocales bidi isolation adds FSI/PDI to interpolated values in right-to-left output.
import Foundation import Lokalized let locale = try LocaleTag("he") let files = try LocalizedStringLoader.loadFromDirectory(URL(fileURLWithPath: "strings")) let catalogs = files.mapValues { LocalizedCatalog(strings: $0.strings) } let strings = try DefaultStrings(configuration: StringsConfiguration( localizedStringSupplier: { catalogs }, localeSupplier: { _ in locale }, fallbackLocale: locale )) let start = try NumericValue.forDecimal("1") let end = try NumericValue.forDecimal("2") let startForm = try Cardinality.forNumber(start, locale: locale.tag) let endForm = try Cardinality.forNumber(end, locale: locale.tag) let rangeForm = try Cardinality.forRange(startForm, endForm, locale: locale.tag) assert(rangeForm == .other) let message1 = try strings.get("Delivery.Window", placeholders: [ "minDays": .number(start), "maxDays": .number(end), "formattedDayRange": .text("1-2"), ]) assert(ExactString(message1) == ExactString("\u{2068}1-2\u{2069} ימים"))
Ordinalities
All ordinal numbers use ORDINALITY_OTHER; no value selects a different form.
Example: פנו ימינה בפנייה ה-2.
Addendum: Language Form Rules
The language form expressions above are specified by Unicode Technical Standard #35 and use the following notation:
nabsolute value of the source number (integer and decimals)iinteger digits ofnvnumber of visible fraction digits inn, with trailing zeroswnumber of visible fraction digits inn, without trailing zerosfvisible fractional digits inn, with trailing zerostvisible fractional digits inn, without trailing zerosc/ecompact decimal exponent operands used by some CLDR compact-number rules