Turkish Türkçe

BCP 47 language tag: tr

Lokalized supports cardinality, cardinality range, and ordinality rules for Turkish.

Additional modeled concepts for Turkish: grammatical case.

Turkish is most often spoken in Türkiye, Germany, Bulgaria, Cyprus, and Uzbekistan.

Cardinalities

  • CARDINALITY_ONE

    Matches n = 1

    Example Integers: 1

    Example Decimals: 1.0, 1.00, 1.000, 1.0000

  • CARDINALITY_OTHER

    Matches all other values

    Example Integers: 0, 2, 16, 100, 1000, 10000, 100000, 1000000, …

    Example Decimals: 0.0, 0.9, 1.1, 1.6, 10.0, 100.0, 1000.0, 10000.0, 100000.0, 1000000.0, …

Cardinality example

This localized strings example uses complete, page-local CLDR minimal-pair patterns to demonstrate every cardinality category defined for the locale. Minimal-pair text contrasts grammatical forms; it is language-reference data, not reusable application copy.

Source: Unicode CLDR 48.2 tr locale data.

Sample localized strings file
tr.json Localized Strings File (Turkish)
{
  "Cardinality.MinimalPair": {
    "commentary": "Demonstrates every CLDR cardinal category defined for this locale.",
    "translation": "{{cardinalityExample}}",
    "placeholders": {
      "cardinalityExample": {
        "value": "cardinalityValue",
        "translations": {
          "CARDINALITY_ONE": "Sepetinizde {{formattedCardinalityValue}} X var. Bunu almak istiyor musunuz?",
          "CARDINALITY_OTHER": "Sepetinizde {{formattedCardinalityValue}} X var. Bunları almak istiyor musunuz?"
        }
      }
    }
  }
}
Usage and expected results

JavaScript

The JavaScript code passes each raw number for cardinality selection and formats its display value separately with Intl.NumberFormat.

import { cardinalityForNumber, createStrings } from "lokalized";
import { readStringsFromDirectory } from "lokalized/node";

const locale = "tr";

const strings = createStrings({
  localizedStringSupplier: () => readStringsFromDirectory("strings").catalogs,
  fallbackLocale: locale,
  localeSupplier: () => locale,
});

const numberFormat = new Intl.NumberFormat(locale);

// Raw numbers select language forms; Intl.NumberFormat produces the display values

// CARDINALITY_ONE
const oneCardinality = 1;
const oneFormattedCardinalityValue = numberFormat.format(oneCardinality);

cardinalityForNumber(oneCardinality, locale).name;   // => "CARDINALITY_ONE"
strings.get("Cardinality.MinimalPair", {
  cardinalityValue: oneCardinality,
  formattedCardinalityValue: oneFormattedCardinalityValue,
});   // => "Sepetinizde 1 X var. Bunu almak istiyor musunuz?"

// CARDINALITY_OTHER
const otherCardinality = 0;
const otherFormattedCardinalityValue = numberFormat.format(otherCardinality);

cardinalityForNumber(otherCardinality, locale).name;   // => "CARDINALITY_OTHER"
strings.get("Cardinality.MinimalPair", {
  cardinalityValue: otherCardinality,
  formattedCardinalityValue: otherFormattedCardinalityValue,
});   // => "Sepetinizde 0 X var. Bunları almak istiyor musunuz?"

Java

The Java code passes each raw number for cardinality selection and formats its display value separately with NumberFormat.

Locale locale = Locale.forLanguageTag("tr");

Strings strings = Strings.withFallbackLocale(locale)
  .localizedStringSupplier(() -> LocalizedStringLoader.loadFromFilesystem(Paths.get("strings")))
  .localeSupplier((matcher) -> matcher.bestMatchFor(locale))
  .build();

NumberFormat numberFormat = NumberFormat.getNumberInstance(locale);

// Raw numbers select language forms; NumberFormat produces the display values

// CARDINALITY_ONE
Number oneCardinality = 1;
String oneFormattedCardinalityValue = numberFormat.format(oneCardinality);

assertEquals(Cardinality.ONE, Cardinality.forNumber(oneCardinality, locale));

// Expected: Sepetinizde 1 X var. Bunu almak istiyor musunuz?
assertEquals(
  "Sepetinizde " + oneFormattedCardinalityValue + " X var. Bunu almak istiyor musunuz?",
  strings.get(
    "Cardinality.MinimalPair",
    Map.of(
      "cardinalityValue", oneCardinality,
      "formattedCardinalityValue", oneFormattedCardinalityValue
    )
  )
);

// CARDINALITY_OTHER
Number otherCardinality = 0;
String otherFormattedCardinalityValue = numberFormat.format(otherCardinality);

assertEquals(Cardinality.OTHER, Cardinality.forNumber(otherCardinality, locale));

// Expected: Sepetinizde 0 X var. Bunları almak istiyor musunuz?
assertEquals(
  "Sepetinizde " + otherFormattedCardinalityValue + " X var. Bunları almak istiyor musunuz?",
  strings.get(
    "Cardinality.MinimalPair",
    Map.of(
      "cardinalityValue", otherCardinality,
      "formattedCardinalityValue", otherFormattedCardinalityValue
    )
  )
);

Swift

Swift uses pinned CLDR rules for raw numeric values. The display strings in these assertions are fixed examples; applications format display values separately with Foundation. Default .rtlLocales bidi isolation adds FSI/PDI to interpolated values in right-to-left output.

import Foundation
import Lokalized

let locale = try LocaleTag("tr")
let files = try LocalizedStringLoader.loadFromDirectory(URL(fileURLWithPath: "strings"))
let catalogs = files.mapValues { LocalizedCatalog(strings: $0.strings) }

let strings = try DefaultStrings(configuration: StringsConfiguration(
  localizedStringSupplier: { catalogs }, localeSupplier: { _ in locale },
  fallbackLocale: locale
))

// CARDINALITY_ONE
let number1 = try NumericValue.forDecimal("1")
let category1 = try Cardinality.forNumber(number1, locale: locale.tag)
assert(category1 == .one)
// This fixed display value makes the translation assertion reproducible.
let display1 = "1"
let message1 = try strings.get("Cardinality.MinimalPair", placeholders: [
  "cardinalityValue": .number(number1),
  "formattedCardinalityValue": .text(display1),
])
assert(ExactString(message1) == ExactString("Sepetinizde 1 X var. Bunu almak istiyor musunuz?"))

// CARDINALITY_OTHER
let number2 = try NumericValue.forDecimal("0")
let category2 = try Cardinality.forNumber(number2, locale: locale.tag)
assert(category2 == .other)
// This fixed display value makes the translation assertion reproducible.
let display2 = "0"
let message2 = try strings.get("Cardinality.MinimalPair", placeholders: [
  "cardinalityValue": .number(number2),
  "formattedCardinalityValue": .text(display2),
])
assert(ExactString(message2) == ExactString("Sepetinizde 0 X var. Bunları almak istiyor musunuz?"))

Cardinality Ranges

These are CLDR's explicit range mappings. For any start/end pair not listed, the range falls back to the ending cardinality.

  • CARDINALITY_ONE - CARDINALITY_OTHER

    Matches CARDINALITY_OTHER

  • CARDINALITY_OTHER - CARDINALITY_ONE

    Matches CARDINALITY_ONE

  • CARDINALITY_OTHER - CARDINALITY_OTHER

    Matches CARDINALITY_OTHER

Ordinalities

All ordinal numbers use ORDINALITY_OTHER; no value selects a different form.

Example: 2. sağdan dönün..

Language-Specific Examples

These examples show how Lokalized models grammatical choices and translation behavior that commonly affect Turkish application copy. Each example identifies the Lokalized language forms and other library features it uses.

A folder across five grammatical cases

One reusable localized noun carries the five forms needed when a folder is the subject, specific direct object, destination, location, or source.

Language reference: Türkiye Ministry of National Education: noun case suffixes

Language forms used: grammatical case

Sample localized strings file
tr.json Localized Strings File (Turkish)
{
  "Folder": {
    "translation": "{{folder}}",
    "placeholders": {
      "folder": {
        "value": "grammaticalCase",
        "translations": {
          "CASE_NOMINATIVE": "Klasör",
          "CASE_ACCUSATIVE": "Klasörü",
          "CASE_DATIVE": "Klasöre",
          "CASE_LOCATIVE": "Klasörde",
          "CASE_ABLATIVE": "Klasörden"
        }
      }
    }
  }
}
Usage and expected results

JavaScript

import { CASE_ABLATIVE, CASE_ACCUSATIVE, CASE_DATIVE, CASE_LOCATIVE, CASE_NOMINATIVE, createStrings } from "lokalized";
import { readStringsFromDirectory } from "lokalized/node";

const locale = "tr";

const strings = createStrings({
  localizedStringSupplier: () => readStringsFromDirectory("strings").catalogs,
  fallbackLocale: locale,
  localeSupplier: () => locale,
});

strings.get("Folder", { grammaticalCase: CASE_NOMINATIVE });   // => "Klasör"
strings.get("Folder", { grammaticalCase: CASE_ACCUSATIVE });   // => "Klasörü"
strings.get("Folder", { grammaticalCase: CASE_DATIVE });   // => "Klasöre"
strings.get("Folder", { grammaticalCase: CASE_LOCATIVE });   // => "Klasörde"
strings.get("Folder", { grammaticalCase: CASE_ABLATIVE });   // => "Klasörden"

Java

Locale locale = Locale.forLanguageTag("tr");

Strings strings = Strings.withFallbackLocale(locale)
  .localizedStringSupplier(() -> LocalizedStringLoader.loadFromFilesystem(Paths.get("strings")))
  .localeSupplier((matcher) -> matcher.bestMatchFor(locale))
  .build();

assertEquals("Klasör", strings.get(
  "Folder", Map.of("grammaticalCase", GrammaticalCase.NOMINATIVE)
));

assertEquals("Klasörü", strings.get(
  "Folder", Map.of("grammaticalCase", GrammaticalCase.ACCUSATIVE)
));

assertEquals("Klasöre", strings.get(
  "Folder", Map.of("grammaticalCase", GrammaticalCase.DATIVE)
));

assertEquals("Klasörde", strings.get(
  "Folder", Map.of("grammaticalCase", GrammaticalCase.LOCATIVE)
));

assertEquals("Klasörden", strings.get(
  "Folder", Map.of("grammaticalCase", GrammaticalCase.ABLATIVE)
));

Swift

Swift uses pinned CLDR rules for raw numeric values. The display strings in these assertions are fixed examples; applications format display values separately with Foundation. Default .rtlLocales bidi isolation adds FSI/PDI to interpolated values in right-to-left output.

import Foundation
import Lokalized

let locale = try LocaleTag("tr")
let files = try LocalizedStringLoader.loadFromDirectory(URL(fileURLWithPath: "strings"))
let catalogs = files.mapValues { LocalizedCatalog(strings: $0.strings) }

let strings = try DefaultStrings(configuration: StringsConfiguration(
  localizedStringSupplier: { catalogs }, localeSupplier: { _ in locale },
  fallbackLocale: locale
))

let message1 = try strings.get("Folder", placeholders: [
  "grammaticalCase": .languageForm(.grammaticalCase(.nominative)),
])
assert(ExactString(message1) == ExactString("Klasör"))

let message2 = try strings.get("Folder", placeholders: [
  "grammaticalCase": .languageForm(.grammaticalCase(.accusative)),
])
assert(ExactString(message2) == ExactString("Klasörü"))

let message3 = try strings.get("Folder", placeholders: [
  "grammaticalCase": .languageForm(.grammaticalCase(.dative)),
])
assert(ExactString(message3) == ExactString("Klasöre"))

let message4 = try strings.get("Folder", placeholders: [
  "grammaticalCase": .languageForm(.grammaticalCase(.locative)),
])
assert(ExactString(message4) == ExactString("Klasörde"))

let message5 = try strings.get("Folder", placeholders: [
  "grammaticalCase": .languageForm(.grammaticalCase(.ablative)),
])
assert(ExactString(message5) == ExactString("Klasörden"))

Addendum: Language Form Rules

The language form expressions above are specified by Unicode Technical Standard #35 and use the following notation:

  • n absolute value of the source number (integer and decimals)
  • i integer digits of n
  • v number of visible fraction digits in n, with trailing zeros
  • w number of visible fraction digits in n, without trailing zeros
  • f visible fractional digits in n, with trailing zeros
  • t visible fractional digits in n, without trailing zeros
  • c/e compact decimal exponent operands used by some CLDR compact-number rules