Cardinalities
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CARDINALITY_ONE
Matches
v = 0 and i % 10 = 1 and i % 100 != 11 or f % 10 = 1 and f % 100 != 11Example Integers:
1, 21, 31, 41, 51, 61, 71, 81, 101, 1001, …Example Decimals:
0.1, 1.1, 2.1, 3.1, 4.1, 5.1, 6.1, 7.1, 10.1, 100.1, 1000.1, … -
CARDINALITY_FEW
Matches
v = 0 and i % 10 = 2..4 and i % 100 != 12..14 or f % 10 = 2..4 and f % 100 != 12..14Example Integers:
2, 4, 22, 24, 32, 34, 42, 44, 52, 54, 62, 102, 1002, …Example Decimals:
0.2, 0.4, 1.2, 1.4, 2.2, 2.4, 3.2, 3.4, 4.2, 4.4, 5.2, 10.2, 100.2, 1000.2, … -
CARDINALITY_OTHER
Matches
all other valuesExample Integers:
0, 5, 19, 100, 1000, 10000, 100000, 1000000, …Example Decimals:
0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 2.7, 10.0, 100.0, 1000.0, 10000.0, 100000.0, 1000000.0, …
Cardinality example
This localized strings file selects the localized form of “day” for a delivery estimate. Raw numbers choose the CLDR category; values formatted for display are interpolated.
Sample localized strings file
{ "Delivery.LeadTime": { "commentary": "Estimated delivery time, expressed in days.", "translation": "{{leadTime}}", "placeholders": { "leadTime": { "value": "dayCount", "translations": { "CARDINALITY_ONE": "{{formattedDayCount}} дан", "CARDINALITY_FEW": "{{formattedDayCount}} дана", "CARDINALITY_OTHER": "{{formattedDayCount}} дана" } } } } }
Usage and expected results
JavaScript
The JavaScript code passes each raw number for cardinality selection and formats its display value separately with Intl.NumberFormat. The exact-tag 1,000,000 assertion records the output of Node.js 24.15.0; other runtimes' locale data can differ.
import { cardinalityForNumber, createStrings } from "lokalized"; import { readStringsFromDirectory } from "lokalized/node"; const locale = "sr-Cyrl"; const strings = createStrings({ localizedStringSupplier: () => readStringsFromDirectory("strings").catalogs, fallbackLocale: locale, localeSupplier: () => locale, }); const numberFormat = new Intl.NumberFormat(locale); // Raw numbers select language forms; Intl.NumberFormat produces the display values // CARDINALITY_ONE const oneDayCount = 1; const oneFormattedDayCount = numberFormat.format(oneDayCount); cardinalityForNumber(oneDayCount, locale).name; // => "CARDINALITY_ONE" strings.get("Delivery.LeadTime", { dayCount: oneDayCount, formattedDayCount: oneFormattedDayCount, }); // => "1 дан" // CARDINALITY_FEW const fewDayCount = 2; const fewFormattedDayCount = numberFormat.format(fewDayCount); cardinalityForNumber(fewDayCount, locale).name; // => "CARDINALITY_FEW" strings.get("Delivery.LeadTime", { dayCount: fewDayCount, formattedDayCount: fewFormattedDayCount, }); // => "2 дана" // CARDINALITY_OTHER const otherDayCount = 0; const otherFormattedDayCount = numberFormat.format(otherDayCount); cardinalityForNumber(otherDayCount, locale).name; // => "CARDINALITY_OTHER" strings.get("Delivery.LeadTime", { dayCount: otherDayCount, formattedDayCount: otherFormattedDayCount, }); // => "0 дана" // Exact-tag formatting sample const localeProfileDayCount = 1_000_000; const localeProfileFormattedDayCount = numberFormat.format(localeProfileDayCount); localeProfileFormattedDayCount; // => "1.000.000" cardinalityForNumber(localeProfileDayCount, locale).name; // => "CARDINALITY_OTHER" strings.get("Delivery.LeadTime", { dayCount: localeProfileDayCount, formattedDayCount: localeProfileFormattedDayCount, }); // => "1.000.000 дана"
Java
The Java code passes each raw number for cardinality selection and formats its display value separately with NumberFormat. The exact-tag 1,000,000 assertion records JDK 26 output; older JDK locale data can differ.
Locale locale = Locale.forLanguageTag("sr-Cyrl"); Strings strings = Strings.withFallbackLocale(locale) .localizedStringSupplier(() -> LocalizedStringLoader.loadFromFilesystem(Paths.get("strings"))) .localeSupplier((matcher) -> matcher.bestMatchFor(locale)) .build(); NumberFormat numberFormat = NumberFormat.getNumberInstance(locale); // Raw numbers select language forms; NumberFormat produces the display values // CARDINALITY_ONE Number oneDayCount = 1; String oneFormattedDayCount = numberFormat.format(oneDayCount); assertEquals(Cardinality.ONE, Cardinality.forNumber(oneDayCount, locale)); // Expected: 1 дан assertEquals(oneFormattedDayCount + " дан", strings.get( "Delivery.LeadTime", Map.of("dayCount", oneDayCount, "formattedDayCount", oneFormattedDayCount) )); // CARDINALITY_FEW Number fewDayCount = 2; String fewFormattedDayCount = numberFormat.format(fewDayCount); assertEquals(Cardinality.FEW, Cardinality.forNumber(fewDayCount, locale)); // Expected: 2 дана assertEquals(fewFormattedDayCount + " дана", strings.get( "Delivery.LeadTime", Map.of("dayCount", fewDayCount, "formattedDayCount", fewFormattedDayCount) )); // CARDINALITY_OTHER Number otherDayCount = 0; String otherFormattedDayCount = numberFormat.format(otherDayCount); assertEquals(Cardinality.OTHER, Cardinality.forNumber(otherDayCount, locale)); // Expected: 0 дана assertEquals(otherFormattedDayCount + " дана", strings.get( "Delivery.LeadTime", Map.of("dayCount", otherDayCount, "formattedDayCount", otherFormattedDayCount) )); // Exact-tag formatting sample Number localeProfileDayCount = 1_000_000; String localeProfileFormattedDayCount = numberFormat.format(localeProfileDayCount); assertEquals("1.000.000", localeProfileFormattedDayCount); assertEquals(Cardinality.OTHER, Cardinality.forNumber(localeProfileDayCount, locale)); // Expected: 1.000.000 дана assertEquals(localeProfileFormattedDayCount + " дана", strings.get( "Delivery.LeadTime", Map.of("dayCount", localeProfileDayCount, "formattedDayCount", localeProfileFormattedDayCount) ));
Swift
Swift uses pinned CLDR rules for raw numeric values. The display strings in these assertions are fixed examples; applications format display values separately with Foundation. Default .rtlLocales bidi isolation adds FSI/PDI to interpolated values in right-to-left output.
import Foundation import Lokalized let locale = try LocaleTag("sr-Cyrl") let files = try LocalizedStringLoader.loadFromDirectory(URL(fileURLWithPath: "strings")) let catalogs = files.mapValues { LocalizedCatalog(strings: $0.strings) } let strings = try DefaultStrings(configuration: StringsConfiguration( localizedStringSupplier: { catalogs }, localeSupplier: { _ in locale }, fallbackLocale: locale )) // CARDINALITY_ONE let number1 = try NumericValue.forDecimal("1") let category1 = try Cardinality.forNumber(number1, locale: locale.tag) assert(category1 == .one) // This fixed display value makes the translation assertion reproducible. let display1 = "1" let message1 = try strings.get("Delivery.LeadTime", placeholders: [ "dayCount": .number(number1), "formattedDayCount": .text(display1), ]) assert(ExactString(message1) == ExactString("1 дан")) // CARDINALITY_FEW let number2 = try NumericValue.forDecimal("2") let category2 = try Cardinality.forNumber(number2, locale: locale.tag) assert(category2 == .few) // This fixed display value makes the translation assertion reproducible. let display2 = "2" let message2 = try strings.get("Delivery.LeadTime", placeholders: [ "dayCount": .number(number2), "formattedDayCount": .text(display2), ]) assert(ExactString(message2) == ExactString("2 дана")) // CARDINALITY_OTHER let number3 = try NumericValue.forDecimal("0") let category3 = try Cardinality.forNumber(number3, locale: locale.tag) assert(category3 == .other) // This fixed display value makes the translation assertion reproducible. let display3 = "0" let message3 = try strings.get("Delivery.LeadTime", placeholders: [ "dayCount": .number(number3), "formattedDayCount": .text(display3), ]) assert(ExactString(message3) == ExactString("0 дана"))
Cardinality Ranges
These are CLDR's explicit range mappings. For any start/end pair not listed, the range falls back to the ending cardinality.
-
CARDINALITY_ONE - CARDINALITY_ONE
Matches
CARDINALITY_ONE -
CARDINALITY_ONE - CARDINALITY_FEW
Matches
CARDINALITY_FEW -
CARDINALITY_ONE - CARDINALITY_OTHER
Matches
CARDINALITY_OTHER -
CARDINALITY_FEW - CARDINALITY_ONE
Matches
CARDINALITY_ONE -
CARDINALITY_FEW - CARDINALITY_FEW
Matches
CARDINALITY_FEW -
CARDINALITY_FEW - CARDINALITY_OTHER
Matches
CARDINALITY_OTHER -
CARDINALITY_OTHER - CARDINALITY_ONE
Matches
CARDINALITY_ONE -
CARDINALITY_OTHER - CARDINALITY_FEW
Matches
CARDINALITY_FEW -
CARDINALITY_OTHER - CARDINALITY_OTHER
Matches
CARDINALITY_OTHER
Cardinality range example
The start and end cardinalities select the locale's CLDR range result. The selected form wraps a separately formatted display range.
Sample localized strings file
{ "Delivery.Window": { "commentary": "Estimated delivery window, expressed as a range of days.", "translation": "{{window}}", "placeholders": { "window": { "range": { "start": "minDays", "end": "maxDays" }, "translations": { "CARDINALITY_ONE": "{{formattedDayRange}} дан", "CARDINALITY_FEW": "{{formattedDayRange}} дана", "CARDINALITY_OTHER": "{{formattedDayRange}} дана" } } } } }
Usage and expected results
JavaScript
The JavaScript code passes raw range endpoints for selection, formats both endpoints separately with Intl.NumberFormat, and joins them for display; choose range punctuation appropriate to your application. Range rules are an optional import, lokalized/data/ranges.
import { cardinalityForNumber, createStrings } from "lokalized"; import { cardinalRangeData, cardinalityForRange } from "lokalized/data/ranges"; import { readStringsFromDirectory } from "lokalized/node"; const locale = "sr-Cyrl"; const strings = createStrings({ localizedStringSupplier: () => readStringsFromDirectory("strings").catalogs, fallbackLocale: locale, localeSupplier: () => locale, pluralData: { ranges: cardinalRangeData }, }); const numberFormat = new Intl.NumberFormat(locale); // Raw numbers select language forms; Intl.NumberFormat produces the display values // CARDINALITY_ONE range const minDays = 1; const formattedMinDays = numberFormat.format(minDays); const maxDays = 21; const formattedMaxDays = numberFormat.format(maxDays); const formattedDayRange = formattedMinDays + "-" + formattedMaxDays; cardinalityForRange( cardinalityForNumber(minDays, locale), cardinalityForNumber(maxDays, locale), locale ).name; // => "CARDINALITY_ONE" strings.get("Delivery.Window", { minDays, maxDays, formattedDayRange }); // => "1-21 дан"
Java
The Java code passes raw range endpoints for selection. Because NumberFormat formats one number at a time, it formats both endpoints separately and joins them for display; choose range punctuation appropriate to your application.
Locale locale = Locale.forLanguageTag("sr-Cyrl"); Strings strings = Strings.withFallbackLocale(locale) .localizedStringSupplier(() -> LocalizedStringLoader.loadFromFilesystem(Paths.get("strings"))) .localeSupplier((matcher) -> matcher.bestMatchFor(locale)) .build(); NumberFormat numberFormat = NumberFormat.getNumberInstance(locale); // Raw numbers select language forms; NumberFormat produces the display values // CARDINALITY_ONE range Number minDays = 1; String formattedMinDays = numberFormat.format(minDays); Number maxDays = 21; String formattedMaxDays = numberFormat.format(maxDays); String formattedDayRange = formattedMinDays + "-" + formattedMaxDays; assertEquals(Cardinality.ONE, Cardinality.forRange( Cardinality.forNumber(minDays, locale), Cardinality.forNumber(maxDays, locale), locale )); // Expected: 1-21 дан assertEquals(formattedDayRange + " дан", strings.get( "Delivery.Window", Map.of("minDays", minDays, "maxDays", maxDays, "formattedDayRange", formattedDayRange) ));
Swift
Swift uses pinned CLDR rules for raw numeric values. The display strings in these assertions are fixed examples; applications format display values separately with Foundation. Default .rtlLocales bidi isolation adds FSI/PDI to interpolated values in right-to-left output.
import Foundation import Lokalized let locale = try LocaleTag("sr-Cyrl") let files = try LocalizedStringLoader.loadFromDirectory(URL(fileURLWithPath: "strings")) let catalogs = files.mapValues { LocalizedCatalog(strings: $0.strings) } let strings = try DefaultStrings(configuration: StringsConfiguration( localizedStringSupplier: { catalogs }, localeSupplier: { _ in locale }, fallbackLocale: locale )) let start = try NumericValue.forDecimal("1") let end = try NumericValue.forDecimal("21") let startForm = try Cardinality.forNumber(start, locale: locale.tag) let endForm = try Cardinality.forNumber(end, locale: locale.tag) let rangeForm = try Cardinality.forRange(startForm, endForm, locale: locale.tag) assert(rangeForm == .one) let message1 = try strings.get("Delivery.Window", placeholders: [ "minDays": .number(start), "maxDays": .number(end), "formattedDayRange": .text("1-21"), ]) assert(ExactString(message1) == ExactString("1-21 дан"))
Ordinalities
All ordinal numbers use ORDINALITY_OTHER; no value selects a different form.
Example: Скрените у 2. десно..
Addendum: Language Form Rules
The language form expressions above are specified by Unicode Technical Standard #35 and use the following notation:
nabsolute value of the source number (integer and decimals)iinteger digits ofnvnumber of visible fraction digits inn, with trailing zeroswnumber of visible fraction digits inn, without trailing zerosfvisible fractional digits inn, with trailing zerostvisible fractional digits inn, without trailing zerosc/ecompact decimal exponent operands used by some CLDR compact-number rules