Lokalized - Languages - Russian

Cardinalities

CARDINALITY_ONE

Matches v = 0 and i % 10 = 1 and i % 100 != 11

Example Integers: 1, 21, 31, 41, 51, 61, 71, 81, 101, 1001, …
CARDINALITY_FEW

Matches v = 0 and i % 10 = 2..4 and i % 100 != 12..14

Example Integers: 2, 4, 22, 24, 32, 34, 42, 44, 52, 54, 62, 102, 1002, …
CARDINALITY_MANY

Matches v = 0 and i % 10 = 0 or v = 0 and i % 10 = 5..9 or v = 0 and i % 100 = 11..14

Example Integers: 0, 5, 19, 100, 1000, 10000, 100000, 1000000, …
CARDINALITY_OTHER

Matches all other values

Example Decimals: 0.0, 1.5, 10.0, 100.0, 1000.0, 10000.0, 100000.0, 1000000.0, …

Cardinality example

This localized strings example uses complete, page-local CLDR minimal-pair patterns to demonstrate every Cardinality category defined for the locale. Minimal-pair text contrasts grammatical forms; it is language-reference data, not reusable application copy.

Source: Unicode CLDR 48.2 ru locale data.

Sample localized strings file

ru.json Localized Strings File (Russian)

{
  "Cardinality.MinimalPair": {
    "commentary": "Demonstrates every CLDR cardinal category defined for this locale.",
    "translation": "{{cardinalityExample}}",
    "placeholders": {
      "cardinalityExample": {
        "value": "cardinalityValue",
        "translations": {
          "CARDINALITY_ONE": "из {{formattedCardinalityValue}} книги за {{formattedCardinalityValue}} день",
          "CARDINALITY_FEW": "из {{formattedCardinalityValue}} книг за {{formattedCardinalityValue}} дня",
          "CARDINALITY_MANY": "из {{formattedCardinalityValue}} книг за {{formattedCardinalityValue}} дней",
          "CARDINALITY_OTHER": "из {{formattedCardinalityValue}} книги за {{formattedCardinalityValue}} дня"
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

Usage and expected results

The Java code passes each raw number for cardinality selection and formats its display value separately with NumberFormat.

Locale locale = Locale.forLanguageTag("ru");

Strings strings = Strings.withFallbackLocale(locale)
  .localizedStringSupplier(() -> LocalizedStringLoader.loadFromFilesystem(Paths.get("strings")))
  .localeSupplier((matcher) -> matcher.bestMatchFor(locale))
  .build();

NumberFormat numberFormat = NumberFormat.getNumberInstance(locale);

// Raw numbers select language forms; NumberFormat produces the display values

// CARDINALITY_ONE
Number oneCardinalityValue = 1;
String oneFormattedCardinalityValue = numberFormat.format(oneCardinalityValue);

assertEquals(Cardinality.ONE, Cardinality.forNumber(oneCardinalityValue, locale));

// Expected: из 1 книги за 1 день
assertEquals(
  "из " + oneFormattedCardinalityValue + " книги за " + oneFormattedCardinalityValue + " день",
  strings.get(
    "Cardinality.MinimalPair",
    Map.of(
      "cardinalityValue", oneCardinalityValue,
      "formattedCardinalityValue", oneFormattedCardinalityValue
    )
  )
);

// CARDINALITY_FEW
Number fewCardinalityValue = 2;
String fewFormattedCardinalityValue = numberFormat.format(fewCardinalityValue);

assertEquals(Cardinality.FEW, Cardinality.forNumber(fewCardinalityValue, locale));

// Expected: из 2 книг за 2 дня
assertEquals(
  "из " + fewFormattedCardinalityValue + " книг за " + fewFormattedCardinalityValue + " дня",
  strings.get(
    "Cardinality.MinimalPair",
    Map.of(
      "cardinalityValue", fewCardinalityValue,
      "formattedCardinalityValue", fewFormattedCardinalityValue
    )
  )
);

// CARDINALITY_MANY
Number manyCardinalityValue = 0;
String manyFormattedCardinalityValue = numberFormat.format(manyCardinalityValue);

assertEquals(Cardinality.MANY, Cardinality.forNumber(manyCardinalityValue, locale));

// Expected: из 0 книг за 0 дней
assertEquals(
  "из " + manyFormattedCardinalityValue + " книг за " + manyFormattedCardinalityValue + " дней",
  strings.get(
    "Cardinality.MinimalPair",
    Map.of(
      "cardinalityValue", manyCardinalityValue,
      "formattedCardinalityValue", manyFormattedCardinalityValue
    )
  )
);

// CARDINALITY_OTHER
Number otherCardinalityValue = new java.math.BigDecimal("0.0");
NumberFormat otherCardinalityValueFormat = NumberFormat.getNumberInstance(locale);
otherCardinalityValueFormat.setMinimumFractionDigits(1);
otherCardinalityValueFormat.setMaximumFractionDigits(1);
String otherFormattedCardinalityValue = otherCardinalityValueFormat.format(otherCardinalityValue);

assertEquals(Cardinality.OTHER, Cardinality.forNumber(otherCardinalityValue, locale));

// Expected: из 0,0 книги за 0,0 дня
assertEquals(
  "из " + otherFormattedCardinalityValue + " книги за " + otherFormattedCardinalityValue + " дня",
  strings.get(
    "Cardinality.MinimalPair",
    Map.of(
      "cardinalityValue", otherCardinalityValue,
      "formattedCardinalityValue", otherFormattedCardinalityValue
    )
  )
);

Cardinality Ranges

These are CLDR's explicit range mappings. For any start/end pair not listed, Cardinality.forRange(...) falls back to the ending cardinality.

CARDINALITY_ONE - CARDINALITY_ONE

Matches CARDINALITY_ONE
CARDINALITY_ONE - CARDINALITY_FEW

Matches CARDINALITY_FEW
CARDINALITY_ONE - CARDINALITY_MANY

Matches CARDINALITY_MANY
CARDINALITY_ONE - CARDINALITY_OTHER

Matches CARDINALITY_OTHER
CARDINALITY_FEW - CARDINALITY_ONE

Matches CARDINALITY_ONE
CARDINALITY_FEW - CARDINALITY_FEW

Matches CARDINALITY_FEW
CARDINALITY_FEW - CARDINALITY_MANY

Matches CARDINALITY_MANY
CARDINALITY_FEW - CARDINALITY_OTHER

Matches CARDINALITY_OTHER
CARDINALITY_MANY - CARDINALITY_ONE

Matches CARDINALITY_ONE
CARDINALITY_MANY - CARDINALITY_FEW

Matches CARDINALITY_FEW
CARDINALITY_MANY - CARDINALITY_MANY

Matches CARDINALITY_MANY
CARDINALITY_MANY - CARDINALITY_OTHER

Matches CARDINALITY_OTHER
CARDINALITY_OTHER - CARDINALITY_ONE

Matches CARDINALITY_ONE
CARDINALITY_OTHER - CARDINALITY_FEW

Matches CARDINALITY_FEW
CARDINALITY_OTHER - CARDINALITY_MANY

Matches CARDINALITY_MANY
CARDINALITY_OTHER - CARDINALITY_OTHER

Matches CARDINALITY_OTHER

Cardinality range example

The start and end cardinalities select the locale's CLDR range result. The selected form wraps a separately formatted display range.

Sample localized strings file

ru.json Localized Strings File (Russian)

{
  "Delivery.Window": {
    "commentary": "Estimated delivery window, expressed as a range of days.",
    "translation": "{{window}}",
    "placeholders": {
      "window": {
        "range": {
          "start": "minDays",
          "end": "maxDays"
        },
        "translations": {
          "CARDINALITY_ONE": "{{formattedDayRange}} день",
          "CARDINALITY_FEW": "{{formattedDayRange}} дня",
          "CARDINALITY_MANY": "{{formattedDayRange}} дней",
          "CARDINALITY_OTHER": "{{formattedDayRange}} дня"
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

Usage and expected results

The Java code passes raw range endpoints for selection. Because NumberFormat formats one number at a time, it formats both endpoints separately and joins them for display; choose range punctuation appropriate to your application.

Locale locale = Locale.forLanguageTag("ru");

Strings strings = Strings.withFallbackLocale(locale)
  .localizedStringSupplier(() -> LocalizedStringLoader.loadFromFilesystem(Paths.get("strings")))
  .localeSupplier((matcher) -> matcher.bestMatchFor(locale))
  .build();

NumberFormat numberFormat = NumberFormat.getNumberInstance(locale);

// Raw numbers select language forms; NumberFormat produces the display values

// CARDINALITY_ONE range
Number minDays = 1;
String formattedMinDays = numberFormat.format(minDays);
Number maxDays = 21;
String formattedMaxDays = numberFormat.format(maxDays);
String formattedDayRange = formattedMinDays + "-" + formattedMaxDays;

assertEquals(Cardinality.ONE, Cardinality.forRange(
  Cardinality.forNumber(minDays, locale),
  Cardinality.forNumber(maxDays, locale),
  locale
));

// Expected: 1-21 день
assertEquals(formattedDayRange + " день", strings.get(
  "Delivery.Window",
  Map.of("minDays", minDays, "maxDays", maxDays, "formattedDayRange", formattedDayRange)
));

Ordinalities

All ordinal numbers use ORDINALITY_OTHER; no value selects a different form.

Example: 2-й перекресток - поворот направо..

Language-Specific Examples

These examples show how Lokalized models grammatical choices and translation behavior that commonly affect Russian application copy. Each example identifies the Lokalized language forms and other library features it uses.

Names by grammatical case

One reusable localized name carries the forms needed when Ivan is the subject, an indirect object, or a direct object.

Language references: University of Macerata - Russian cases and the Иван paradigm, University of Kansas - Russian case usage

Lokalized forms used: GrammaticalCase

Sample localized strings file

ru.json Localized Strings File (Russian)

{
  "Ivan": {
    "translation": "{{person}}",
    "placeholders": {
      "person": {
        "value": "grammaticalCase",
        "translations": {
          "CASE_NOMINATIVE": "Иван",
          "CASE_DATIVE": "Ивану",
          "CASE_ACCUSATIVE": "Ивана"
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

Usage and expected results

Locale locale = Locale.forLanguageTag("ru");

Strings strings = Strings.withFallbackLocale(locale)
  .localizedStringSupplier(() -> LocalizedStringLoader.loadFromFilesystem(Paths.get("strings")))
  .localeSupplier((matcher) -> matcher.bestMatchFor(locale))
  .build();

assertEquals("Иван", strings.get(
  "Ivan", Map.of("grammaticalCase", GrammaticalCase.NOMINATIVE)
));

assertEquals("Ивану", strings.get(
  "Ivan", Map.of("grammaticalCase", GrammaticalCase.DATIVE)
));

assertEquals("Ивана", strings.get(
  "Ivan", Map.of("grammaticalCase", GrammaticalCase.ACCUSATIVE)
));

Animate and inanimate accusative forms

Russian masculine accusative forms often differ for animate and inanimate referents.

Language references: Cornell University - Russian accusative and animacy, University of Kansas - animate and inanimate declension

Lokalized forms used: Animacy

Sample localized strings file

ru.json Localized Strings File (Russian)

{
  "I see {{object}}.": {
    "translation": "Я вижу {{object}}.",
    "placeholders": {
      "object": {
        "value": "animacy",
        "translations": {
          "ANIMACY_ANIMATE": "брата",
          "ANIMACY_INANIMATE": "стол"
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

Usage and expected results

Locale locale = Locale.forLanguageTag("ru");

Strings strings = Strings.withFallbackLocale(locale)
  .localizedStringSupplier(() -> LocalizedStringLoader.loadFromFilesystem(Paths.get("strings")))
  .localeSupplier((matcher) -> matcher.bestMatchFor(locale))
  .build();

assertEquals("Я вижу брата.", strings.get(
  "I see {{object}}.", Map.of("animacy", Animacy.ANIMATE)
));

assertEquals("Я вижу стол.", strings.get(
  "I see {{object}}.", Map.of("animacy", Animacy.INANIMATE)
));

Addendum: Language Form Rules

The language form expressions above are specified by Unicode Technical Standard #35 and use the following notation:

n absolute value of the source number (integer and decimals)
i integer digits of n
v number of visible fraction digits in n, with trailing zeros
w number of visible fraction digits in n, without trailing zeros
f visible fractional digits in n, with trailing zeros
t visible fractional digits in n, without trailing zeros
c/e compact decimal exponent operands used by some CLDR compact-number rules

Cardinalities

CARDINALITY_ONE

CARDINALITY_FEW

CARDINALITY_MANY

CARDINALITY_OTHER

Cardinality example

Sample localized strings file

Usage and expected results

Cardinality Ranges

CARDINALITY_ONE - CARDINALITY_ONE

CARDINALITY_ONE - CARDINALITY_FEW

CARDINALITY_ONE - CARDINALITY_MANY

CARDINALITY_ONE - CARDINALITY_OTHER

CARDINALITY_FEW - CARDINALITY_ONE

CARDINALITY_FEW - CARDINALITY_FEW

CARDINALITY_FEW - CARDINALITY_MANY

CARDINALITY_FEW - CARDINALITY_OTHER

CARDINALITY_MANY - CARDINALITY_ONE

CARDINALITY_MANY - CARDINALITY_FEW

CARDINALITY_MANY - CARDINALITY_MANY

CARDINALITY_MANY - CARDINALITY_OTHER

CARDINALITY_OTHER - CARDINALITY_ONE

CARDINALITY_OTHER - CARDINALITY_FEW

CARDINALITY_OTHER - CARDINALITY_MANY

CARDINALITY_OTHER - CARDINALITY_OTHER

Cardinality range example

Sample localized strings file

Usage and expected results

Ordinalities

Language-Specific Examples

Names by grammatical case

Sample localized strings file

Usage and expected results

Animate and inanimate accusative forms

Sample localized strings file

Usage and expected results

Addendum: Language Form Rules