Lokalized - Languages - Romanian

Cardinalities

CARDINALITY_ONE

Matches i = 1 and v = 0

Example Integers: 1
CARDINALITY_FEW

Matches v != 0 or n = 0 or n != 1 and n % 100 = 1..19

Example Integers: 0, 2, 16, 101, 1001, …

Example Decimals: 0.0, 1.5, 10.0, 100.0, 1000.0, 10000.0, 100000.0, 1000000.0, …
CARDINALITY_OTHER

Matches all other values

Example Integers: 20, 35, 100, 1000, 10000, 100000, 1000000, …

Cardinality example

This localized strings file selects the localized form of “day” for a delivery estimate. Raw numbers choose the CLDR category; values formatted for display are interpolated.

Sample localized strings file

ro.json Localized Strings File (Romanian)

{
  "Delivery.LeadTime": {
    "commentary": "Estimated delivery time, expressed in days.",
    "translation": "{{leadTime}}",
    "placeholders": {
      "leadTime": {
        "value": "dayCount",
        "translations": {
          "CARDINALITY_ONE": "{{formattedDayCount}} zi",
          "CARDINALITY_FEW": "{{formattedDayCount}} zile",
          "CARDINALITY_OTHER": "{{formattedDayCount}} de zile"
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

Usage and expected results

JavaScript

The JavaScript code passes each raw number for cardinality selection and formats its display value separately with Intl.NumberFormat.

import { cardinalityForNumber, createStrings } from "lokalized";
import { readStringsFromDirectory } from "lokalized/node";

const locale = "ro";

const strings = createStrings({
  localizedStringSupplier: () => readStringsFromDirectory("strings").catalogs,
  fallbackLocale: locale,
  localeSupplier: () => locale,
});

const numberFormat = new Intl.NumberFormat(locale);

// Raw numbers select language forms; Intl.NumberFormat produces the display values

// CARDINALITY_ONE
const oneDayCount = 1;
const oneFormattedDayCount = numberFormat.format(oneDayCount);

cardinalityForNumber(oneDayCount, locale).name;   // => "CARDINALITY_ONE"
strings.get("Delivery.LeadTime", {
  dayCount: oneDayCount,
  formattedDayCount: oneFormattedDayCount,
});   // => "1 zi"

// CARDINALITY_FEW
const fewDayCount = 0;
const fewFormattedDayCount = numberFormat.format(fewDayCount);

cardinalityForNumber(fewDayCount, locale).name;   // => "CARDINALITY_FEW"
strings.get("Delivery.LeadTime", {
  dayCount: fewDayCount,
  formattedDayCount: fewFormattedDayCount,
});   // => "0 zile"

// CARDINALITY_OTHER
const otherDayCount = 20;
const otherFormattedDayCount = numberFormat.format(otherDayCount);

cardinalityForNumber(otherDayCount, locale).name;   // => "CARDINALITY_OTHER"
strings.get("Delivery.LeadTime", {
  dayCount: otherDayCount,
  formattedDayCount: otherFormattedDayCount,
});   // => "20 de zile"

Java

The Java code passes each raw number for cardinality selection and formats its display value separately with NumberFormat.

Locale locale = Locale.forLanguageTag("ro");

Strings strings = Strings.withFallbackLocale(locale)
  .localizedStringSupplier(() -> LocalizedStringLoader.loadFromFilesystem(Paths.get("strings")))
  .localeSupplier((matcher) -> matcher.bestMatchFor(locale))
  .build();

NumberFormat numberFormat = NumberFormat.getNumberInstance(locale);

// Raw numbers select language forms; NumberFormat produces the display values

// CARDINALITY_ONE
Number oneDayCount = 1;
String oneFormattedDayCount = numberFormat.format(oneDayCount);

assertEquals(Cardinality.ONE, Cardinality.forNumber(oneDayCount, locale));

// Expected: 1 zi
assertEquals(oneFormattedDayCount + " zi", strings.get(
  "Delivery.LeadTime", Map.of("dayCount", oneDayCount, "formattedDayCount", oneFormattedDayCount)
));

// CARDINALITY_FEW
Number fewDayCount = 0;
String fewFormattedDayCount = numberFormat.format(fewDayCount);

assertEquals(Cardinality.FEW, Cardinality.forNumber(fewDayCount, locale));

// Expected: 0 zile
assertEquals(fewFormattedDayCount + " zile", strings.get(
  "Delivery.LeadTime", Map.of("dayCount", fewDayCount, "formattedDayCount", fewFormattedDayCount)
));

// CARDINALITY_OTHER
Number otherDayCount = 20;
String otherFormattedDayCount = numberFormat.format(otherDayCount);

assertEquals(Cardinality.OTHER, Cardinality.forNumber(otherDayCount, locale));

// Expected: 20 de zile
assertEquals(otherFormattedDayCount + " de zile", strings.get(
  "Delivery.LeadTime", Map.of("dayCount", otherDayCount, "formattedDayCount", otherFormattedDayCount)
));

Swift

Swift uses pinned CLDR rules for raw numeric values. The display strings in these assertions are fixed examples; applications format display values separately with Foundation. Default .rtlLocales bidi isolation adds FSI/PDI to interpolated values in right-to-left output.

import Foundation
import Lokalized

let locale = try LocaleTag("ro")
let files = try LocalizedStringLoader.loadFromDirectory(URL(fileURLWithPath: "strings"))
let catalogs = files.mapValues { LocalizedCatalog(strings: $0.strings) }

let strings = try DefaultStrings(configuration: StringsConfiguration(
  localizedStringSupplier: { catalogs }, localeSupplier: { _ in locale },
  fallbackLocale: locale
))

// CARDINALITY_ONE
let number1 = try NumericValue.forDecimal("1")
let category1 = try Cardinality.forNumber(number1, locale: locale.tag)
assert(category1 == .one)
// This fixed display value makes the translation assertion reproducible.
let display1 = "1"
let message1 = try strings.get("Delivery.LeadTime", placeholders: [
  "dayCount": .number(number1),
  "formattedDayCount": .text(display1),
])
assert(ExactString(message1) == ExactString("1 zi"))

// CARDINALITY_FEW
let number2 = try NumericValue.forDecimal("0")
let category2 = try Cardinality.forNumber(number2, locale: locale.tag)
assert(category2 == .few)
// This fixed display value makes the translation assertion reproducible.
let display2 = "0"
let message2 = try strings.get("Delivery.LeadTime", placeholders: [
  "dayCount": .number(number2),
  "formattedDayCount": .text(display2),
])
assert(ExactString(message2) == ExactString("0 zile"))

// CARDINALITY_OTHER
let number3 = try NumericValue.forDecimal("20")
let category3 = try Cardinality.forNumber(number3, locale: locale.tag)
assert(category3 == .other)
// This fixed display value makes the translation assertion reproducible.
let display3 = "20"
let message3 = try strings.get("Delivery.LeadTime", placeholders: [
  "dayCount": .number(number3),
  "formattedDayCount": .text(display3),
])
assert(ExactString(message3) == ExactString("20 de zile"))

Cardinality Ranges

These are CLDR's explicit range mappings. For any start/end pair not listed, the range falls back to the ending cardinality.

CARDINALITY_ONE - CARDINALITY_FEW

Matches CARDINALITY_FEW
CARDINALITY_ONE - CARDINALITY_OTHER

Matches CARDINALITY_OTHER
CARDINALITY_FEW - CARDINALITY_ONE

Matches CARDINALITY_FEW
CARDINALITY_FEW - CARDINALITY_FEW

Matches CARDINALITY_FEW
CARDINALITY_FEW - CARDINALITY_OTHER

Matches CARDINALITY_OTHER
CARDINALITY_OTHER - CARDINALITY_FEW

Matches CARDINALITY_FEW
CARDINALITY_OTHER - CARDINALITY_OTHER

Matches CARDINALITY_OTHER

Cardinality range example

The start and end cardinalities select the locale's CLDR range result. The selected form wraps a separately formatted display range.

Sample localized strings file

ro.json Localized Strings File (Romanian)

{
  "Delivery.Window": {
    "commentary": "Estimated delivery window, expressed as a range of days.",
    "translation": "{{window}}",
    "placeholders": {
      "window": {
        "range": {
          "start": "minDays",
          "end": "maxDays"
        },
        "translations": {
          "CARDINALITY_ONE": "{{formattedDayRange}} zi",
          "CARDINALITY_FEW": "{{formattedDayRange}} zile",
          "CARDINALITY_OTHER": "{{formattedDayRange}} de zile"
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

Usage and expected results

JavaScript

The JavaScript code passes raw range endpoints for selection, formats both endpoints separately with Intl.NumberFormat, and joins them for display; choose range punctuation appropriate to your application. Range rules are an optional import, lokalized/data/ranges.

import { cardinalityForNumber, createStrings } from "lokalized";
import { cardinalRangeData, cardinalityForRange } from "lokalized/data/ranges";
import { readStringsFromDirectory } from "lokalized/node";

const locale = "ro";

const strings = createStrings({
  localizedStringSupplier: () => readStringsFromDirectory("strings").catalogs,
  fallbackLocale: locale,
  localeSupplier: () => locale,
  pluralData: { ranges: cardinalRangeData },
});

const numberFormat = new Intl.NumberFormat(locale);

// Raw numbers select language forms; Intl.NumberFormat produces the display values

// CARDINALITY_FEW range
const minDays = 1;
const formattedMinDays = numberFormat.format(minDays);
const maxDays = 2;
const formattedMaxDays = numberFormat.format(maxDays);
const formattedDayRange = formattedMinDays + "-" + formattedMaxDays;

cardinalityForRange(
  cardinalityForNumber(minDays, locale),
  cardinalityForNumber(maxDays, locale),
  locale
).name;   // => "CARDINALITY_FEW"
strings.get("Delivery.Window", { minDays, maxDays, formattedDayRange });   // => "1-2 zile"

Java

The Java code passes raw range endpoints for selection. Because NumberFormat formats one number at a time, it formats both endpoints separately and joins them for display; choose range punctuation appropriate to your application.

Locale locale = Locale.forLanguageTag("ro");

Strings strings = Strings.withFallbackLocale(locale)
  .localizedStringSupplier(() -> LocalizedStringLoader.loadFromFilesystem(Paths.get("strings")))
  .localeSupplier((matcher) -> matcher.bestMatchFor(locale))
  .build();

NumberFormat numberFormat = NumberFormat.getNumberInstance(locale);

// Raw numbers select language forms; NumberFormat produces the display values

// CARDINALITY_FEW range
Number minDays = 1;
String formattedMinDays = numberFormat.format(minDays);
Number maxDays = 2;
String formattedMaxDays = numberFormat.format(maxDays);
String formattedDayRange = formattedMinDays + "-" + formattedMaxDays;

assertEquals(Cardinality.FEW, Cardinality.forRange(
  Cardinality.forNumber(minDays, locale),
  Cardinality.forNumber(maxDays, locale),
  locale
));

// Expected: 1-2 zile
assertEquals(formattedDayRange + " zile", strings.get(
  "Delivery.Window",
  Map.of("minDays", minDays, "maxDays", maxDays, "formattedDayRange", formattedDayRange)
));

Swift

import Foundation
import Lokalized

let locale = try LocaleTag("ro")
let files = try LocalizedStringLoader.loadFromDirectory(URL(fileURLWithPath: "strings"))
let catalogs = files.mapValues { LocalizedCatalog(strings: $0.strings) }

let strings = try DefaultStrings(configuration: StringsConfiguration(
  localizedStringSupplier: { catalogs }, localeSupplier: { _ in locale },
  fallbackLocale: locale
))

let start = try NumericValue.forDecimal("1")
let end = try NumericValue.forDecimal("2")
let startForm = try Cardinality.forNumber(start, locale: locale.tag)
let endForm = try Cardinality.forNumber(end, locale: locale.tag)
let rangeForm = try Cardinality.forRange(startForm, endForm, locale: locale.tag)
assert(rangeForm == .few)
let message1 = try strings.get("Delivery.Window", placeholders: [
  "minDays": .number(start),
  "maxDays": .number(end),
  "formattedDayRange": .text("1-2"),
])
assert(ExactString(message1) == ExactString("1-2 zile"))

Ordinalities

ORDINALITY_ONE

Matches n = 1

Example Integers: 1
ORDINALITY_OTHER

Matches all other values

Example Integers: 0, 2, 16, 100, 1000, 10000, 100000, 1000000, …

Ordinality example

This localized strings example uses complete CLDR minimal-pair patterns to demonstrate every ordinality category defined for the locale.

Source: Unicode CLDR 48.2 ro locale data.

Sample localized strings file

ro.json Localized Strings File (Romanian)

{
  "Ordinal.MinimalPair": {
    "commentary": "Demonstrates every CLDR ordinal category defined for this locale.",
    "translation": "{{ordinalExample}}",
    "placeholders": {
      "ordinalExample": {
        "value": "ordinalValue",
        "translations": {
          "ORDINALITY_ONE": "Faceți virajul nr. {{formattedOrdinalValue}} la dreapta.",
          "ORDINALITY_OTHER": "Faceți virajul al {{formattedOrdinalValue}}-lea la dreapta."
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

Usage and expected results

JavaScript

The JavaScript code passes each raw number to ordinalityForNumber(...) and formats its display value separately with Intl.NumberFormat. Ordinal rules are an optional import, lokalized/data/ordinal.

import { createStrings } from "lokalized";
import { ordinalData, ordinalityForNumber } from "lokalized/data/ordinal";
import { readStringsFromDirectory } from "lokalized/node";

const locale = "ro";

const strings = createStrings({
  localizedStringSupplier: () => readStringsFromDirectory("strings").catalogs,
  fallbackLocale: locale,
  localeSupplier: () => locale,
  pluralData: { ordinal: ordinalData },
});

const numberFormat = new Intl.NumberFormat(locale);

// Raw numbers select language forms; Intl.NumberFormat produces the display values

// ORDINALITY_ONE
const oneOrdinalValue = 1;
const oneFormattedOrdinalValue = numberFormat.format(oneOrdinalValue);

ordinalityForNumber(oneOrdinalValue, locale).name;   // => "ORDINALITY_ONE"
strings.get("Ordinal.MinimalPair", {
  ordinalValue: oneOrdinalValue,
  formattedOrdinalValue: oneFormattedOrdinalValue,
});   // => "Faceți virajul nr. 1 la dreapta."

// ORDINALITY_OTHER
const otherOrdinalValue = 2;
const otherFormattedOrdinalValue = numberFormat.format(otherOrdinalValue);

ordinalityForNumber(otherOrdinalValue, locale).name;   // => "ORDINALITY_OTHER"
strings.get("Ordinal.MinimalPair", {
  ordinalValue: otherOrdinalValue,
  formattedOrdinalValue: otherFormattedOrdinalValue,
});   // => "Faceți virajul al 2-lea la dreapta."

Java

The Java code passes each raw number to Ordinality.forNumber(...) and formats its display value separately with NumberFormat.

Locale locale = Locale.forLanguageTag("ro");

Strings strings = Strings.withFallbackLocale(locale)
  .localizedStringSupplier(() -> LocalizedStringLoader.loadFromFilesystem(Paths.get("strings")))
  .localeSupplier((matcher) -> matcher.bestMatchFor(locale))
  .build();

NumberFormat numberFormat = NumberFormat.getNumberInstance(locale);

// Raw numbers select language forms; NumberFormat produces the display values

// ORDINALITY_ONE
Number oneOrdinalValue = 1;
String oneFormattedOrdinalValue = numberFormat.format(oneOrdinalValue);

assertEquals(Ordinality.ONE, Ordinality.forNumber(oneOrdinalValue, locale));

// Expected: Faceți virajul nr. 1 la dreapta.
assertEquals("Faceți virajul nr. " + oneFormattedOrdinalValue + " la dreapta.", strings.get(
  "Ordinal.MinimalPair",
  Map.of("ordinalValue", oneOrdinalValue, "formattedOrdinalValue", oneFormattedOrdinalValue)
));

// ORDINALITY_OTHER
Number otherOrdinalValue = 2;
String otherFormattedOrdinalValue = numberFormat.format(otherOrdinalValue);

assertEquals(Ordinality.OTHER, Ordinality.forNumber(otherOrdinalValue, locale));

// Expected: Faceți virajul al 2-lea la dreapta.
assertEquals("Faceți virajul al " + otherFormattedOrdinalValue + "-lea la dreapta.", strings.get(
  "Ordinal.MinimalPair",
  Map.of("ordinalValue", otherOrdinalValue, "formattedOrdinalValue", otherFormattedOrdinalValue)
));

Swift

import Foundation
import Lokalized

let locale = try LocaleTag("ro")
let files = try LocalizedStringLoader.loadFromDirectory(URL(fileURLWithPath: "strings"))
let catalogs = files.mapValues { LocalizedCatalog(strings: $0.strings) }

let strings = try DefaultStrings(configuration: StringsConfiguration(
  localizedStringSupplier: { catalogs }, localeSupplier: { _ in locale },
  fallbackLocale: locale
))

let number1 = try NumericValue.forDecimal("1")
let category1 = try Ordinality.forNumber(number1, locale: locale.tag)
assert(category1 == .one)
let message1 = try strings.get("Ordinal.MinimalPair", placeholders: [
  "ordinalValue": .number(number1),
  "formattedOrdinalValue": .text("1"),
])
assert(ExactString(message1) == ExactString("Faceți virajul nr. 1 la dreapta."))

let number2 = try NumericValue.forDecimal("2")
let category2 = try Ordinality.forNumber(number2, locale: locale.tag)
assert(category2 == .other)
let message2 = try strings.get("Ordinal.MinimalPair", placeholders: [
  "ordinalValue": .number(number2),
  "formattedOrdinalValue": .text("2"),
])
assert(ExactString(message2) == ExactString("Faceți virajul al 2-lea la dreapta."))

Addendum: Language Form Rules

The language form expressions above are specified by Unicode Technical Standard #35 and use the following notation:

n absolute value of the source number (integer and decimals)
i integer digits of n
v number of visible fraction digits in n, with trailing zeros
w number of visible fraction digits in n, without trailing zeros
f visible fractional digits in n, with trailing zeros
t visible fractional digits in n, without trailing zeros
c/e compact decimal exponent operands used by some CLDR compact-number rules

Cardinalities

CARDINALITY_ONE

CARDINALITY_FEW

CARDINALITY_OTHER

Cardinality example

Sample localized strings file

Usage and expected results

Cardinality Ranges

CARDINALITY_ONE - CARDINALITY_FEW

CARDINALITY_ONE - CARDINALITY_OTHER

CARDINALITY_FEW - CARDINALITY_ONE

CARDINALITY_FEW - CARDINALITY_FEW

CARDINALITY_FEW - CARDINALITY_OTHER

CARDINALITY_OTHER - CARDINALITY_FEW

CARDINALITY_OTHER - CARDINALITY_OTHER

Cardinality range example

Sample localized strings file

Usage and expected results

Ordinalities

ORDINALITY_ONE

ORDINALITY_OTHER

Ordinality example

Sample localized strings file

Usage and expected results

Addendum: Language Form Rules