Cardinalities
-
CARDINALITY_ONE
Matches
n = 1,11Example Integers:
1, 11Example Decimals:
1.0, 11.0, 1.00, 11.00, 1.000, 11.000, 1.0000 -
CARDINALITY_TWO
Matches
n = 2,12Example Integers:
2, 12Example Decimals:
2.0, 12.0, 2.00, 12.00, 2.000, 12.000, 2.0000 -
CARDINALITY_FEW
Matches
n = 3..10,13..19Example Integers:
3, 10, 13, 19Example Decimals:
3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 7.0, 8.0, 9.0, 10.0, 13.0, 14.0, 15.0, 16.0, 17.0, 18.0, 19.0, 3.00 -
CARDINALITY_OTHER
Matches
all other valuesExample Integers:
0, 20, 34, 100, 1000, 10000, 100000, 1000000, …Example Decimals:
0.0, 0.9, 1.1, 1.6, 10.1, 100.0, 1000.0, 10000.0, 100000.0, 1000000.0, …
Cardinality example
This localized strings example uses complete, page-local CLDR minimal-pair patterns to demonstrate every cardinality category defined for the locale. Minimal-pair text contrasts grammatical forms; it is language-reference data, not reusable application copy.
Source: Unicode CLDR 48.2 gd locale data.
Sample localized strings file
{ "Cardinality.MinimalPair": { "commentary": "Demonstrates every CLDR cardinal category defined for this locale.", "translation": "{{cardinalityExample}}", "placeholders": { "cardinalityExample": { "value": "cardinalityValue", "translations": { "CARDINALITY_ONE": "{{formattedCardinalityValue}} bhròg", "CARDINALITY_TWO": "{{formattedCardinalityValue}} bhròig", "CARDINALITY_FEW": "{{formattedCardinalityValue}} brògan", "CARDINALITY_OTHER": "{{formattedCardinalityValue}} bròg" } } } } }
Usage and expected results
JavaScript
The JavaScript code passes each raw number for cardinality selection and formats its display value separately with Intl.NumberFormat.
import { cardinalityForNumber, createStrings } from "lokalized"; import { readStringsFromDirectory } from "lokalized/node"; const locale = "gd"; const strings = createStrings({ localizedStringSupplier: () => readStringsFromDirectory("strings").catalogs, fallbackLocale: locale, localeSupplier: () => locale, }); const numberFormat = new Intl.NumberFormat(locale); // Raw numbers select language forms; Intl.NumberFormat produces the display values // CARDINALITY_ONE const oneCardinality = 1; const oneFormattedCardinalityValue = numberFormat.format(oneCardinality); cardinalityForNumber(oneCardinality, locale).name; // => "CARDINALITY_ONE" strings.get("Cardinality.MinimalPair", { cardinalityValue: oneCardinality, formattedCardinalityValue: oneFormattedCardinalityValue, }); // => "1 bhròg" // CARDINALITY_TWO const twoCardinality = 2; const twoFormattedCardinalityValue = numberFormat.format(twoCardinality); cardinalityForNumber(twoCardinality, locale).name; // => "CARDINALITY_TWO" strings.get("Cardinality.MinimalPair", { cardinalityValue: twoCardinality, formattedCardinalityValue: twoFormattedCardinalityValue, }); // => "2 bhròig" // CARDINALITY_FEW const fewCardinality = 3; const fewFormattedCardinalityValue = numberFormat.format(fewCardinality); cardinalityForNumber(fewCardinality, locale).name; // => "CARDINALITY_FEW" strings.get("Cardinality.MinimalPair", { cardinalityValue: fewCardinality, formattedCardinalityValue: fewFormattedCardinalityValue, }); // => "3 brògan" // CARDINALITY_OTHER const otherCardinality = 0; const otherFormattedCardinalityValue = numberFormat.format(otherCardinality); cardinalityForNumber(otherCardinality, locale).name; // => "CARDINALITY_OTHER" strings.get("Cardinality.MinimalPair", { cardinalityValue: otherCardinality, formattedCardinalityValue: otherFormattedCardinalityValue, }); // => "0 bròg"
Java
The Java code passes each raw number for cardinality selection and formats its display value separately with NumberFormat.
Locale locale = Locale.forLanguageTag("gd"); Strings strings = Strings.withFallbackLocale(locale) .localizedStringSupplier(() -> LocalizedStringLoader.loadFromFilesystem(Paths.get("strings"))) .localeSupplier((matcher) -> matcher.bestMatchFor(locale)) .build(); NumberFormat numberFormat = NumberFormat.getNumberInstance(locale); // Raw numbers select language forms; NumberFormat produces the display values // CARDINALITY_ONE Number oneCardinality = 1; String oneFormattedCardinalityValue = numberFormat.format(oneCardinality); assertEquals(Cardinality.ONE, Cardinality.forNumber(oneCardinality, locale)); // Expected: 1 bhròg assertEquals(oneFormattedCardinalityValue + " bhròg", strings.get( "Cardinality.MinimalPair", Map.of("cardinalityValue", oneCardinality, "formattedCardinalityValue", oneFormattedCardinalityValue) )); // CARDINALITY_TWO Number twoCardinality = 2; String twoFormattedCardinalityValue = numberFormat.format(twoCardinality); assertEquals(Cardinality.TWO, Cardinality.forNumber(twoCardinality, locale)); // Expected: 2 bhròig assertEquals(twoFormattedCardinalityValue + " bhròig", strings.get( "Cardinality.MinimalPair", Map.of("cardinalityValue", twoCardinality, "formattedCardinalityValue", twoFormattedCardinalityValue) )); // CARDINALITY_FEW Number fewCardinality = 3; String fewFormattedCardinalityValue = numberFormat.format(fewCardinality); assertEquals(Cardinality.FEW, Cardinality.forNumber(fewCardinality, locale)); // Expected: 3 brògan assertEquals(fewFormattedCardinalityValue + " brògan", strings.get( "Cardinality.MinimalPair", Map.of("cardinalityValue", fewCardinality, "formattedCardinalityValue", fewFormattedCardinalityValue) )); // CARDINALITY_OTHER Number otherCardinality = 0; String otherFormattedCardinalityValue = numberFormat.format(otherCardinality); assertEquals(Cardinality.OTHER, Cardinality.forNumber(otherCardinality, locale)); // Expected: 0 bròg assertEquals(otherFormattedCardinalityValue + " bròg", strings.get( "Cardinality.MinimalPair", Map.of( "cardinalityValue", otherCardinality, "formattedCardinalityValue", otherFormattedCardinalityValue ) ));
Swift
Swift uses pinned CLDR rules for raw numeric values. The display strings in these assertions are fixed examples; applications format display values separately with Foundation. Default .rtlLocales bidi isolation adds FSI/PDI to interpolated values in right-to-left output.
import Foundation import Lokalized let locale = try LocaleTag("gd") let files = try LocalizedStringLoader.loadFromDirectory(URL(fileURLWithPath: "strings")) let catalogs = files.mapValues { LocalizedCatalog(strings: $0.strings) } let strings = try DefaultStrings(configuration: StringsConfiguration( localizedStringSupplier: { catalogs }, localeSupplier: { _ in locale }, fallbackLocale: locale )) // CARDINALITY_ONE let number1 = try NumericValue.forDecimal("1") let category1 = try Cardinality.forNumber(number1, locale: locale.tag) assert(category1 == .one) // This fixed display value makes the translation assertion reproducible. let display1 = "1" let message1 = try strings.get("Cardinality.MinimalPair", placeholders: [ "cardinalityValue": .number(number1), "formattedCardinalityValue": .text(display1), ]) assert(ExactString(message1) == ExactString("1 bhròg")) // CARDINALITY_TWO let number2 = try NumericValue.forDecimal("2") let category2 = try Cardinality.forNumber(number2, locale: locale.tag) assert(category2 == .two) // This fixed display value makes the translation assertion reproducible. let display2 = "2" let message2 = try strings.get("Cardinality.MinimalPair", placeholders: [ "cardinalityValue": .number(number2), "formattedCardinalityValue": .text(display2), ]) assert(ExactString(message2) == ExactString("2 bhròig")) // CARDINALITY_FEW let number3 = try NumericValue.forDecimal("3") let category3 = try Cardinality.forNumber(number3, locale: locale.tag) assert(category3 == .few) // This fixed display value makes the translation assertion reproducible. let display3 = "3" let message3 = try strings.get("Cardinality.MinimalPair", placeholders: [ "cardinalityValue": .number(number3), "formattedCardinalityValue": .text(display3), ]) assert(ExactString(message3) == ExactString("3 brògan")) // CARDINALITY_OTHER let number4 = try NumericValue.forDecimal("0") let category4 = try Cardinality.forNumber(number4, locale: locale.tag) assert(category4 == .other) // This fixed display value makes the translation assertion reproducible. let display4 = "0" let message4 = try strings.get("Cardinality.MinimalPair", placeholders: [ "cardinalityValue": .number(number4), "formattedCardinalityValue": .text(display4), ]) assert(ExactString(message4) == ExactString("0 bròg"))
Cardinality Ranges
No explicit CLDR cardinality-range mapping is defined for this language, so every range falls back to the ending cardinality.
Cardinality range example
Because CLDR defines no explicit range mapping for this locale, the ending cardinality selects the result. The selected form wraps a separately formatted display range.
Sample localized strings file
{ "Delivery.Window": { "commentary": "Estimated delivery window, expressed as a range of days.", "translation": "{{window}}", "placeholders": { "window": { "range": { "start": "minDays", "end": "maxDays" }, "translations": { "CARDINALITY_ONE": "{{formattedDayRange}} latha", "CARDINALITY_TWO": "{{formattedDayRange}} latha", "CARDINALITY_FEW": "{{formattedDayRange}} làithean", "CARDINALITY_OTHER": "{{formattedDayRange}} latha" } } } } }
Usage and expected results
JavaScript
The JavaScript code passes raw range endpoints for selection, formats both endpoints separately with Intl.NumberFormat, and joins them for display; choose range punctuation appropriate to your application. Range rules are an optional import, lokalized/data/ranges.
import { cardinalityForNumber, createStrings, decimal } from "lokalized"; import { cardinalRangeData, cardinalityForRange } from "lokalized/data/ranges"; import { readStringsFromDirectory } from "lokalized/node"; const locale = "gd"; const strings = createStrings({ localizedStringSupplier: () => readStringsFromDirectory("strings").catalogs, fallbackLocale: locale, localeSupplier: () => locale, pluralData: { ranges: cardinalRangeData }, }); const numberFormat = new Intl.NumberFormat(locale); // Raw numbers select language forms; Intl.NumberFormat produces the display values // CARDINALITY_OTHER range (ending-cardinality fallback) const minDays = 0; const formattedMinDays = numberFormat.format(minDays); const maxDays = decimal("0.9"); const formattedMaxDays = new Intl.NumberFormat(locale, { minimumFractionDigits: 1, maximumFractionDigits: 1 }) .format("0.9"); const formattedDayRange = formattedMinDays + "-" + formattedMaxDays; cardinalityForRange( cardinalityForNumber(minDays, locale), cardinalityForNumber(maxDays, locale), locale ).name; // => "CARDINALITY_OTHER" strings.get("Delivery.Window", { minDays, maxDays, formattedDayRange }); // => "0-0.9 latha"
Java
The Java code passes raw range endpoints for selection. Because NumberFormat formats one number at a time, it formats both endpoints separately and joins them for display; choose range punctuation appropriate to your application.
Locale locale = Locale.forLanguageTag("gd"); Strings strings = Strings.withFallbackLocale(locale) .localizedStringSupplier(() -> LocalizedStringLoader.loadFromFilesystem(Paths.get("strings"))) .localeSupplier((matcher) -> matcher.bestMatchFor(locale)) .build(); NumberFormat numberFormat = NumberFormat.getNumberInstance(locale); // Raw numbers select language forms; NumberFormat produces the display values // CARDINALITY_OTHER range (ending-cardinality fallback) Number minDays = 0; String formattedMinDays = numberFormat.format(minDays); Number maxDays = new java.math.BigDecimal("0.9"); NumberFormat maxDaysFormat = NumberFormat.getNumberInstance(locale); maxDaysFormat.setMinimumFractionDigits(1); maxDaysFormat.setMaximumFractionDigits(1); String formattedMaxDays = maxDaysFormat.format(maxDays); String formattedDayRange = formattedMinDays + "-" + formattedMaxDays; assertEquals(Cardinality.OTHER, Cardinality.forRange( Cardinality.forNumber(minDays, locale), Cardinality.forNumber(maxDays, locale), locale )); // Expected: 0-0.9 latha assertEquals(formattedDayRange + " latha", strings.get( "Delivery.Window", Map.of("minDays", minDays, "maxDays", maxDays, "formattedDayRange", formattedDayRange) ));
Swift
Swift uses pinned CLDR rules for raw numeric values. The display strings in these assertions are fixed examples; applications format display values separately with Foundation. Default .rtlLocales bidi isolation adds FSI/PDI to interpolated values in right-to-left output.
import Foundation import Lokalized let locale = try LocaleTag("gd") let files = try LocalizedStringLoader.loadFromDirectory(URL(fileURLWithPath: "strings")) let catalogs = files.mapValues { LocalizedCatalog(strings: $0.strings) } let strings = try DefaultStrings(configuration: StringsConfiguration( localizedStringSupplier: { catalogs }, localeSupplier: { _ in locale }, fallbackLocale: locale )) let start = try NumericValue.forDecimal("0") let end = try NumericValue.forDecimal("0.9") let startForm = try Cardinality.forNumber(start, locale: locale.tag) let endForm = try Cardinality.forNumber(end, locale: locale.tag) let rangeForm = try Cardinality.forRange(startForm, endForm, locale: locale.tag) assert(rangeForm == .other) let message1 = try strings.get("Delivery.Window", placeholders: [ "minDays": .number(start), "maxDays": .number(end), "formattedDayRange": .text("0-0.9"), ]) assert(ExactString(message1) == ExactString("0-0.9 latha"))
Ordinalities
-
ORDINALITY_ONE
Matches
n = 1,11Example Integers:
1, 11 -
ORDINALITY_TWO
Matches
n = 2,12Example Integers:
2, 12 -
ORDINALITY_FEW
Matches
n = 3,13Example Integers:
3, 13 -
ORDINALITY_OTHER
Matches
all other valuesExample Integers:
0, 4, 10, 14, 21, 100, 1000, 10000, 100000, 1000000, …
Ordinality example
This localized strings example uses complete CLDR minimal-pair patterns to demonstrate every ordinality category defined for the locale.
Source: Unicode CLDR 48.2 gd locale data.
Sample localized strings file
{ "Ordinal.MinimalPair": { "commentary": "Demonstrates every CLDR ordinal category defined for this locale.", "translation": "{{ordinalExample}}", "placeholders": { "ordinalExample": { "value": "ordinalValue", "translations": { "ORDINALITY_ONE": "Tionndaidh ris an làimh dheas aig a' {{formattedOrdinalValue}}d ghobhal.", "ORDINALITY_TWO": "Tionndaidh ris an làimh dheas aig an {{formattedOrdinalValue}}na gobhal.", "ORDINALITY_FEW": "Tionndaidh ris an làimh dheas aig an {{formattedOrdinalValue}}s gobhal.", "ORDINALITY_OTHER": "Tionndaidh ris an làimh dheas aig a' {{formattedOrdinalValue}}mh gobhal." } } } } }
Usage and expected results
JavaScript
The JavaScript code passes each raw number to ordinalityForNumber(...) and formats its display value separately with Intl.NumberFormat. Ordinal rules are an optional import, lokalized/data/ordinal.
import { createStrings } from "lokalized"; import { ordinalData, ordinalityForNumber } from "lokalized/data/ordinal"; import { readStringsFromDirectory } from "lokalized/node"; const locale = "gd"; const strings = createStrings({ localizedStringSupplier: () => readStringsFromDirectory("strings").catalogs, fallbackLocale: locale, localeSupplier: () => locale, pluralData: { ordinal: ordinalData }, }); const numberFormat = new Intl.NumberFormat(locale); // Raw numbers select language forms; Intl.NumberFormat produces the display values // ORDINALITY_ONE const oneOrdinalValue = 1; const oneFormattedOrdinalValue = numberFormat.format(oneOrdinalValue); ordinalityForNumber(oneOrdinalValue, locale).name; // => "ORDINALITY_ONE" strings.get("Ordinal.MinimalPair", { ordinalValue: oneOrdinalValue, formattedOrdinalValue: oneFormattedOrdinalValue, }); // => "Tionndaidh ris an làimh dheas aig a' 1d ghobhal." // ORDINALITY_TWO const twoOrdinalValue = 2; const twoFormattedOrdinalValue = numberFormat.format(twoOrdinalValue); ordinalityForNumber(twoOrdinalValue, locale).name; // => "ORDINALITY_TWO" strings.get("Ordinal.MinimalPair", { ordinalValue: twoOrdinalValue, formattedOrdinalValue: twoFormattedOrdinalValue, }); // => "Tionndaidh ris an làimh dheas aig an 2na gobhal." // ORDINALITY_FEW const fewOrdinalValue = 3; const fewFormattedOrdinalValue = numberFormat.format(fewOrdinalValue); ordinalityForNumber(fewOrdinalValue, locale).name; // => "ORDINALITY_FEW" strings.get("Ordinal.MinimalPair", { ordinalValue: fewOrdinalValue, formattedOrdinalValue: fewFormattedOrdinalValue, }); // => "Tionndaidh ris an làimh dheas aig an 3s gobhal." // ORDINALITY_OTHER const otherOrdinalValue = 4; const otherFormattedOrdinalValue = numberFormat.format(otherOrdinalValue); ordinalityForNumber(otherOrdinalValue, locale).name; // => "ORDINALITY_OTHER" strings.get("Ordinal.MinimalPair", { ordinalValue: otherOrdinalValue, formattedOrdinalValue: otherFormattedOrdinalValue, }); // => "Tionndaidh ris an làimh dheas aig a' 4mh gobhal."
Java
The Java code passes each raw number to Ordinality.forNumber(...) and formats its display value separately with NumberFormat.
Locale locale = Locale.forLanguageTag("gd"); Strings strings = Strings.withFallbackLocale(locale) .localizedStringSupplier(() -> LocalizedStringLoader.loadFromFilesystem(Paths.get("strings"))) .localeSupplier((matcher) -> matcher.bestMatchFor(locale)) .build(); NumberFormat numberFormat = NumberFormat.getNumberInstance(locale); // Raw numbers select language forms; NumberFormat produces the display values // ORDINALITY_ONE Number oneOrdinalValue = 1; String oneFormattedOrdinalValue = numberFormat.format(oneOrdinalValue); assertEquals(Ordinality.ONE, Ordinality.forNumber(oneOrdinalValue, locale)); // Expected: Tionndaidh ris an làimh dheas aig a' 1d ghobhal. assertEquals( "Tionndaidh ris an làimh dheas aig a' " + oneFormattedOrdinalValue + "d ghobhal.", strings.get( "Ordinal.MinimalPair", Map.of("ordinalValue", oneOrdinalValue, "formattedOrdinalValue", oneFormattedOrdinalValue) ) ); // ORDINALITY_TWO Number twoOrdinalValue = 2; String twoFormattedOrdinalValue = numberFormat.format(twoOrdinalValue); assertEquals(Ordinality.TWO, Ordinality.forNumber(twoOrdinalValue, locale)); // Expected: Tionndaidh ris an làimh dheas aig an 2na gobhal. assertEquals( "Tionndaidh ris an làimh dheas aig an " + twoFormattedOrdinalValue + "na gobhal.", strings.get( "Ordinal.MinimalPair", Map.of("ordinalValue", twoOrdinalValue, "formattedOrdinalValue", twoFormattedOrdinalValue) ) ); // ORDINALITY_FEW Number fewOrdinalValue = 3; String fewFormattedOrdinalValue = numberFormat.format(fewOrdinalValue); assertEquals(Ordinality.FEW, Ordinality.forNumber(fewOrdinalValue, locale)); // Expected: Tionndaidh ris an làimh dheas aig an 3s gobhal. assertEquals( "Tionndaidh ris an làimh dheas aig an " + fewFormattedOrdinalValue + "s gobhal.", strings.get( "Ordinal.MinimalPair", Map.of("ordinalValue", fewOrdinalValue, "formattedOrdinalValue", fewFormattedOrdinalValue) ) ); // ORDINALITY_OTHER Number otherOrdinalValue = 4; String otherFormattedOrdinalValue = numberFormat.format(otherOrdinalValue); assertEquals(Ordinality.OTHER, Ordinality.forNumber(otherOrdinalValue, locale)); // Expected: Tionndaidh ris an làimh dheas aig a' 4mh gobhal. assertEquals( "Tionndaidh ris an làimh dheas aig a' " + otherFormattedOrdinalValue + "mh gobhal.", strings.get( "Ordinal.MinimalPair", Map.of("ordinalValue", otherOrdinalValue, "formattedOrdinalValue", otherFormattedOrdinalValue) ) );
Swift
Swift uses pinned CLDR rules for raw numeric values. The display strings in these assertions are fixed examples; applications format display values separately with Foundation. Default .rtlLocales bidi isolation adds FSI/PDI to interpolated values in right-to-left output.
import Foundation import Lokalized let locale = try LocaleTag("gd") let files = try LocalizedStringLoader.loadFromDirectory(URL(fileURLWithPath: "strings")) let catalogs = files.mapValues { LocalizedCatalog(strings: $0.strings) } let strings = try DefaultStrings(configuration: StringsConfiguration( localizedStringSupplier: { catalogs }, localeSupplier: { _ in locale }, fallbackLocale: locale )) let number1 = try NumericValue.forDecimal("1") let category1 = try Ordinality.forNumber(number1, locale: locale.tag) assert(category1 == .one) let message1 = try strings.get("Ordinal.MinimalPair", placeholders: [ "ordinalValue": .number(number1), "formattedOrdinalValue": .text("1"), ]) assert(ExactString(message1) == ExactString("Tionndaidh ris an làimh dheas aig a' 1d ghobhal.")) let number2 = try NumericValue.forDecimal("2") let category2 = try Ordinality.forNumber(number2, locale: locale.tag) assert(category2 == .two) let message2 = try strings.get("Ordinal.MinimalPair", placeholders: [ "ordinalValue": .number(number2), "formattedOrdinalValue": .text("2"), ]) assert(ExactString(message2) == ExactString("Tionndaidh ris an làimh dheas aig an 2na gobhal.")) let number3 = try NumericValue.forDecimal("3") let category3 = try Ordinality.forNumber(number3, locale: locale.tag) assert(category3 == .few) let message3 = try strings.get("Ordinal.MinimalPair", placeholders: [ "ordinalValue": .number(number3), "formattedOrdinalValue": .text("3"), ]) assert(ExactString(message3) == ExactString("Tionndaidh ris an làimh dheas aig an 3s gobhal.")) let number4 = try NumericValue.forDecimal("4") let category4 = try Ordinality.forNumber(number4, locale: locale.tag) assert(category4 == .other) let message4 = try strings.get("Ordinal.MinimalPair", placeholders: [ "ordinalValue": .number(number4), "formattedOrdinalValue": .text("4"), ]) assert(ExactString(message4) == ExactString("Tionndaidh ris an làimh dheas aig a' 4mh gobhal."))
Addendum: Language Form Rules
The language form expressions above are specified by Unicode Technical Standard #35 and use the following notation:
nabsolute value of the source number (integer and decimals)iinteger digits ofnvnumber of visible fraction digits inn, with trailing zeroswnumber of visible fraction digits inn, without trailing zerosfvisible fractional digits inn, with trailing zerostvisible fractional digits inn, without trailing zerosc/ecompact decimal exponent operands used by some CLDR compact-number rules