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Cardinalities

• CARDINALITY_ONE

  Matches i = 1 and v = 0

  Example Integers: 1

• CARDINALITY_MANY

  Matches e = 0 and i != 0 and i % 1000000 = 0 and v = 0 or e != 0..5

  Example Integers: 1000000, …

• CARDINALITY_OTHER

  Matches all other values

  Example Integers: 0, 2, 16, 100, 1000, 10000, 100000, …

  Example Decimals: 0.0, 1.5, 10.0, 100.0, 1000.0, 10000.0, 100000.0, 1000000.0, …

Cardinality example

This localized strings example uses complete, page-local CLDR minimal-pair patterns to demonstrate every Cardinality category defined for the locale. Minimal-pair text contrasts grammatical forms; it is language-reference data, not reusable application copy.

Source: Unicode CLDR 48.2 ca locale data.

Sample localized strings file

{
  "Cardinality.MinimalPair": {
    "commentary": "Demonstrates every CLDR cardinal category defined for this locale.",
    "translation": "{{cardinalityExample}}",
    "placeholders": {
      "cardinalityExample": {
        "value": "cardinalityValue",
        "translations": {
          "CARDINALITY_ONE": "{{formattedCardinalityValue}} dia",
          "CARDINALITY_MANY": "{{formattedCardinalityValue}} de dies",
          "CARDINALITY_OTHER": "{{formattedCardinalityValue}} dies"
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

Usage and expected results

The Java code passes each raw number for cardinality selection and formats its display value separately with NumberFormat.

Locale locale = Locale.forLanguageTag("ca");

Strings strings = Strings.withFallbackLocale(locale)
  .localizedStringSupplier(() -> LocalizedStringLoader.loadFromFilesystem(Paths.get("strings")))
  .localeSupplier((matcher) -> matcher.bestMatchFor(locale))
  .build();

NumberFormat numberFormat = NumberFormat.getNumberInstance(locale);

// Raw numbers select language forms; NumberFormat produces the display values

// CARDINALITY_ONE
Number oneCardinalityValue = 1;
String oneFormattedCardinalityValue = numberFormat.format(oneCardinalityValue);

assertEquals(Cardinality.ONE, Cardinality.forNumber(oneCardinalityValue, locale));

// Expected: 1 dia
assertEquals(oneFormattedCardinalityValue + " dia", strings.get(
  "Cardinality.MinimalPair",
  Map.of(
    "cardinalityValue", oneCardinalityValue,
    "formattedCardinalityValue", oneFormattedCardinalityValue
  )
));

// CARDINALITY_MANY
Number manyCardinalityValue = 1_000_000;
String manyFormattedCardinalityValue = numberFormat.format(manyCardinalityValue);

assertEquals(Cardinality.MANY, Cardinality.forNumber(manyCardinalityValue, locale));

// Expected: 1.000.000 de dies
assertEquals(manyFormattedCardinalityValue + " de dies", strings.get(
  "Cardinality.MinimalPair",
  Map.of(
    "cardinalityValue", manyCardinalityValue,
    "formattedCardinalityValue", manyFormattedCardinalityValue
  )
));

// CARDINALITY_OTHER
Number otherCardinalityValue = 0;
String otherFormattedCardinalityValue = numberFormat.format(otherCardinalityValue);

assertEquals(Cardinality.OTHER, Cardinality.forNumber(otherCardinalityValue, locale));

// Expected: 0 dies
assertEquals(otherFormattedCardinalityValue + " dies", strings.get(
  "Cardinality.MinimalPair",
  Map.of(
    "cardinalityValue", otherCardinalityValue,
    "formattedCardinalityValue", otherFormattedCardinalityValue
  )
));

Cardinality Ranges

These are CLDR's explicit range mappings. For any start/end pair not listed, Cardinality.forRange(...) falls back to the ending cardinality.

• CARDINALITY_ONE - CARDINALITY_OTHER

  Matches CARDINALITY_OTHER

• CARDINALITY_OTHER - CARDINALITY_ONE

  Matches CARDINALITY_OTHER

• CARDINALITY_OTHER - CARDINALITY_OTHER

  Matches CARDINALITY_OTHER

Cardinality range example

The start and end cardinalities select the locale's CLDR range result. The selected form wraps a separately formatted display range.

Sample localized strings file

{
  "Delivery.Window": {
    "commentary": "Estimated delivery window, expressed as a range of days.",
    "translation": "{{window}}",
    "placeholders": {
      "window": {
        "range": {
          "start": "minDays",
          "end": "maxDays"
        },
        "translations": {
          "CARDINALITY_ONE": "{{formattedDayRange}} dia",
          "CARDINALITY_MANY": "{{formattedDayRange}} dies",
          "CARDINALITY_OTHER": "{{formattedDayRange}} dies"
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

Usage and expected results

The Java code passes raw range endpoints for selection. Because NumberFormat formats one number at a time, it formats both endpoints separately and joins them for display; choose range punctuation appropriate to your application.

Locale locale = Locale.forLanguageTag("ca");

Strings strings = Strings.withFallbackLocale(locale)
  .localizedStringSupplier(() -> LocalizedStringLoader.loadFromFilesystem(Paths.get("strings")))
  .localeSupplier((matcher) -> matcher.bestMatchFor(locale))
  .build();

NumberFormat numberFormat = NumberFormat.getNumberInstance(locale);

// Raw numbers select language forms; NumberFormat produces the display values

// CARDINALITY_OTHER range
Number minDays = 1;
String formattedMinDays = numberFormat.format(minDays);
Number maxDays = 2;
String formattedMaxDays = numberFormat.format(maxDays);
String formattedDayRange = formattedMinDays + "-" + formattedMaxDays;

assertEquals(Cardinality.OTHER, Cardinality.forRange(
  Cardinality.forNumber(minDays, locale),
  Cardinality.forNumber(maxDays, locale),
  locale
));

// Expected: 1-2 dies
assertEquals(formattedDayRange + " dies", strings.get(
  "Delivery.Window",
  Map.of("minDays", minDays, "maxDays", maxDays, "formattedDayRange", formattedDayRange)
));

Ordinalities

• ORDINALITY_ONE

  Matches n = 1,3

  Example Integers: 1, 3

• ORDINALITY_TWO

  Matches n = 2

  Example Integers: 2

• ORDINALITY_FEW

  Matches n = 4

  Example Integers: 4

• ORDINALITY_OTHER

  Matches all other values

  Example Integers: 0, 5, 19, 100, 1000, 10000, 100000, 1000000, …

Ordinality example

This localized strings example uses complete CLDR minimal-pair patterns to demonstrate every Ordinality category defined for the locale.

Source: Unicode CLDR 48.2 ca locale data.

Sample localized strings file

{
  "Ordinal.MinimalPair": {
    "commentary": "Demonstrates every CLDR ordinal category defined for this locale.",
    "translation": "{{ordinalExample}}",
    "placeholders": {
      "ordinalExample": {
        "value": "ordinalValue",
        "translations": {
          "ORDINALITY_ONE": "Agafa el {{formattedOrdinalValue}}r a la dreta.",
          "ORDINALITY_TWO": "Agafa el {{formattedOrdinalValue}}n a la dreta.",
          "ORDINALITY_FEW": "Agafa el {{formattedOrdinalValue}}t a la dreta.",
          "ORDINALITY_OTHER": "Agafa el {{formattedOrdinalValue}}è a la dreta."
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

Usage and expected results

The Java code passes each raw number to Ordinality.forNumber(...) and formats its display value separately with NumberFormat.

Locale locale = Locale.forLanguageTag("ca");

Strings strings = Strings.withFallbackLocale(locale)
  .localizedStringSupplier(() -> LocalizedStringLoader.loadFromFilesystem(Paths.get("strings")))
  .localeSupplier((matcher) -> matcher.bestMatchFor(locale))
  .build();

NumberFormat numberFormat = NumberFormat.getNumberInstance(locale);

// Raw numbers select language forms; NumberFormat produces the display values

// ORDINALITY_ONE
Number oneOrdinalValue = 1;
String oneFormattedOrdinalValue = numberFormat.format(oneOrdinalValue);

assertEquals(Ordinality.ONE, Ordinality.forNumber(oneOrdinalValue, locale));

// Expected: Agafa el 1r a la dreta.
assertEquals("Agafa el " + oneFormattedOrdinalValue + "r a la dreta.", strings.get(
  "Ordinal.MinimalPair",
  Map.of("ordinalValue", oneOrdinalValue, "formattedOrdinalValue", oneFormattedOrdinalValue)
));

// ORDINALITY_TWO
Number twoOrdinalValue = 2;
String twoFormattedOrdinalValue = numberFormat.format(twoOrdinalValue);

assertEquals(Ordinality.TWO, Ordinality.forNumber(twoOrdinalValue, locale));

// Expected: Agafa el 2n a la dreta.
assertEquals("Agafa el " + twoFormattedOrdinalValue + "n a la dreta.", strings.get(
  "Ordinal.MinimalPair",
  Map.of("ordinalValue", twoOrdinalValue, "formattedOrdinalValue", twoFormattedOrdinalValue)
));

// ORDINALITY_FEW
Number fewOrdinalValue = 4;
String fewFormattedOrdinalValue = numberFormat.format(fewOrdinalValue);

assertEquals(Ordinality.FEW, Ordinality.forNumber(fewOrdinalValue, locale));

// Expected: Agafa el 4t a la dreta.
assertEquals("Agafa el " + fewFormattedOrdinalValue + "t a la dreta.", strings.get(
  "Ordinal.MinimalPair",
  Map.of("ordinalValue", fewOrdinalValue, "formattedOrdinalValue", fewFormattedOrdinalValue)
));

// ORDINALITY_OTHER
Number otherOrdinalValue = 5;
String otherFormattedOrdinalValue = numberFormat.format(otherOrdinalValue);

assertEquals(Ordinality.OTHER, Ordinality.forNumber(otherOrdinalValue, locale));

// Expected: Agafa el 5è a la dreta.
assertEquals("Agafa el " + otherFormattedOrdinalValue + "è a la dreta.", strings.get(
  "Ordinal.MinimalPair",
  Map.of("ordinalValue", otherOrdinalValue, "formattedOrdinalValue", otherFormattedOrdinalValue)
));

Addendum: Language Form Rules

The language form expressions above are specified by Unicode Technical Standard #35 and use the following notation:

• n absolute value of the source number (integer and decimals)
• i integer digits of n
• v number of visible fraction digits in n, with trailing zeros
• w number of visible fraction digits in n, without trailing zeros
• f visible fractional digits in n, with trailing zeros
• t visible fractional digits in n, without trailing zeros
• c/e compact decimal exponent operands used by some CLDR compact-number rules