Cardinalities
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CARDINALITY_ONE
Matches
n % 10 = 1 and n % 100 != 11,71,91Example Integers:
1, 21, 31, 41, 51, 61, 81, 101, 1001, …Example Decimals:
1.0, 21.0, 31.0, 41.0, 51.0, 61.0, 81.0, 101.0, 1001.0, … -
CARDINALITY_TWO
Matches
n % 10 = 2 and n % 100 != 12,72,92Example Integers:
2, 22, 32, 42, 52, 62, 82, 102, 1002, …Example Decimals:
2.0, 22.0, 32.0, 42.0, 52.0, 62.0, 82.0, 102.0, 1002.0, … -
CARDINALITY_FEW
Matches
n % 10 = 3..4,9 and n % 100 != 10..19,70..79,90..99Example Integers:
3, 4, 9, 23, 24, 29, 33, 34, 39, 43, 44, 49, 103, 1003, …Example Decimals:
3.0, 4.0, 9.0, 23.0, 24.0, 29.0, 33.0, 34.0, 103.0, 1003.0, … -
CARDINALITY_MANY
Matches
n != 0 and n % 1000000 = 0Example Integers:
1000000, …Example Decimals:
1000000.0, 1000000.00, 1000000.000, 1000000.0000, … -
CARDINALITY_OTHER
Matches
all other valuesExample Integers:
0, 5, 8, 10, 20, 100, 1000, 10000, 100000, …Example Decimals:
0.0, 0.9, 1.1, 1.6, 10.0, 100.0, 1000.0, 10000.0, 100000.0, …
Cardinality example
This localized strings example uses complete, page-local CLDR minimal-pair patterns to demonstrate every cardinality category defined for the locale. Minimal-pair text contrasts grammatical forms; it is language-reference data, not reusable application copy.
Source: Unicode CLDR 48.2 br locale data.
Sample localized strings file
{ "Cardinality.MinimalPair": { "commentary": "Demonstrates every CLDR cardinal category defined for this locale.", "translation": "{{cardinalityExample}}", "placeholders": { "cardinalityExample": { "value": "cardinalityValue", "translations": { "CARDINALITY_ONE": "{{formattedCardinalityValue}} cʼhi", "CARDINALITY_TWO": "{{formattedCardinalityValue}} gi", "CARDINALITY_FEW": "{{formattedCardinalityValue}} cʼhi-error", "CARDINALITY_MANY": "{{formattedCardinalityValue}} a chas", "CARDINALITY_OTHER": "{{formattedCardinalityValue}} ki" } } } } }
Usage and expected results
JavaScript
The JavaScript code passes each raw number for cardinality selection and formats its display value separately with Intl.NumberFormat.
import { cardinalityForNumber, createStrings } from "lokalized"; import { readStringsFromDirectory } from "lokalized/node"; const locale = "br"; const strings = createStrings({ localizedStringSupplier: () => readStringsFromDirectory("strings").catalogs, fallbackLocale: locale, localeSupplier: () => locale, }); const numberFormat = new Intl.NumberFormat(locale); // Raw numbers select language forms; Intl.NumberFormat produces the display values // CARDINALITY_ONE const oneCardinality = 1; const oneFormattedCardinalityValue = numberFormat.format(oneCardinality); cardinalityForNumber(oneCardinality, locale).name; // => "CARDINALITY_ONE" strings.get("Cardinality.MinimalPair", { cardinalityValue: oneCardinality, formattedCardinalityValue: oneFormattedCardinalityValue, }); // => "1 cʼhi" // CARDINALITY_TWO const twoCardinality = 2; const twoFormattedCardinalityValue = numberFormat.format(twoCardinality); cardinalityForNumber(twoCardinality, locale).name; // => "CARDINALITY_TWO" strings.get("Cardinality.MinimalPair", { cardinalityValue: twoCardinality, formattedCardinalityValue: twoFormattedCardinalityValue, }); // => "2 gi" // CARDINALITY_FEW const fewCardinality = 3; const fewFormattedCardinalityValue = numberFormat.format(fewCardinality); cardinalityForNumber(fewCardinality, locale).name; // => "CARDINALITY_FEW" strings.get("Cardinality.MinimalPair", { cardinalityValue: fewCardinality, formattedCardinalityValue: fewFormattedCardinalityValue, }); // => "3 cʼhi-error" // CARDINALITY_MANY const manyCardinality = 1_000_000; const manyFormattedCardinalityValue = numberFormat.format(manyCardinality); cardinalityForNumber(manyCardinality, locale).name; // => "CARDINALITY_MANY" // U+00A0 NO-BREAK SPACE preserves exact nonbreaking spacing from localized source text or locale formatting strings.get("Cardinality.MinimalPair", { cardinalityValue: manyCardinality, formattedCardinalityValue: manyFormattedCardinalityValue, }); // => "1\u00A0000\u00A0000 a chas" // CARDINALITY_OTHER const otherCardinality = 0; const otherFormattedCardinalityValue = numberFormat.format(otherCardinality); cardinalityForNumber(otherCardinality, locale).name; // => "CARDINALITY_OTHER" strings.get("Cardinality.MinimalPair", { cardinalityValue: otherCardinality, formattedCardinalityValue: otherFormattedCardinalityValue, }); // => "0 ki"
Java
The Java code passes each raw number for cardinality selection and formats its display value separately with NumberFormat.
Locale locale = Locale.forLanguageTag("br"); Strings strings = Strings.withFallbackLocale(locale) .localizedStringSupplier(() -> LocalizedStringLoader.loadFromFilesystem(Paths.get("strings"))) .localeSupplier((matcher) -> matcher.bestMatchFor(locale)) .build(); NumberFormat numberFormat = NumberFormat.getNumberInstance(locale); // Raw numbers select language forms; NumberFormat produces the display values // CARDINALITY_ONE Number oneCardinality = 1; String oneFormattedCardinalityValue = numberFormat.format(oneCardinality); assertEquals(Cardinality.ONE, Cardinality.forNumber(oneCardinality, locale)); // Expected: 1 cʼhi assertEquals(oneFormattedCardinalityValue + " cʼhi", strings.get( "Cardinality.MinimalPair", Map.of("cardinalityValue", oneCardinality, "formattedCardinalityValue", oneFormattedCardinalityValue) )); // CARDINALITY_TWO Number twoCardinality = 2; String twoFormattedCardinalityValue = numberFormat.format(twoCardinality); assertEquals(Cardinality.TWO, Cardinality.forNumber(twoCardinality, locale)); // Expected: 2 gi assertEquals(twoFormattedCardinalityValue + " gi", strings.get( "Cardinality.MinimalPair", Map.of("cardinalityValue", twoCardinality, "formattedCardinalityValue", twoFormattedCardinalityValue) )); // CARDINALITY_FEW Number fewCardinality = 3; String fewFormattedCardinalityValue = numberFormat.format(fewCardinality); assertEquals(Cardinality.FEW, Cardinality.forNumber(fewCardinality, locale)); // Expected: 3 cʼhi-error assertEquals(fewFormattedCardinalityValue + " cʼhi-error", strings.get( "Cardinality.MinimalPair", Map.of("cardinalityValue", fewCardinality, "formattedCardinalityValue", fewFormattedCardinalityValue) )); // CARDINALITY_MANY Number manyCardinality = 1_000_000; String manyFormattedCardinalityValue = numberFormat.format(manyCardinality); assertEquals(Cardinality.MANY, Cardinality.forNumber(manyCardinality, locale)); // Expected: 1<NBSP>000<NBSP>000 a chas assertEquals(manyFormattedCardinalityValue + " a chas", strings.get( "Cardinality.MinimalPair", Map.of( "cardinalityValue", manyCardinality, "formattedCardinalityValue", manyFormattedCardinalityValue ) )); // CARDINALITY_OTHER Number otherCardinality = 0; String otherFormattedCardinalityValue = numberFormat.format(otherCardinality); assertEquals(Cardinality.OTHER, Cardinality.forNumber(otherCardinality, locale)); // Expected: 0 ki assertEquals(otherFormattedCardinalityValue + " ki", strings.get( "Cardinality.MinimalPair", Map.of( "cardinalityValue", otherCardinality, "formattedCardinalityValue", otherFormattedCardinalityValue ) ));
Swift
Swift uses pinned CLDR rules for raw numeric values. The display strings in these assertions are fixed examples; applications format display values separately with Foundation. Default .rtlLocales bidi isolation adds FSI/PDI to interpolated values in right-to-left output.
import Foundation import Lokalized let locale = try LocaleTag("br") let files = try LocalizedStringLoader.loadFromDirectory(URL(fileURLWithPath: "strings")) let catalogs = files.mapValues { LocalizedCatalog(strings: $0.strings) } let strings = try DefaultStrings(configuration: StringsConfiguration( localizedStringSupplier: { catalogs }, localeSupplier: { _ in locale }, fallbackLocale: locale )) // CARDINALITY_ONE let number1 = try NumericValue.forDecimal("1") let category1 = try Cardinality.forNumber(number1, locale: locale.tag) assert(category1 == .one) // This fixed display value makes the translation assertion reproducible. let display1 = "1" let message1 = try strings.get("Cardinality.MinimalPair", placeholders: [ "cardinalityValue": .number(number1), "formattedCardinalityValue": .text(display1), ]) assert(ExactString(message1) == ExactString("1 cʼhi")) // CARDINALITY_TWO let number2 = try NumericValue.forDecimal("2") let category2 = try Cardinality.forNumber(number2, locale: locale.tag) assert(category2 == .two) // This fixed display value makes the translation assertion reproducible. let display2 = "2" let message2 = try strings.get("Cardinality.MinimalPair", placeholders: [ "cardinalityValue": .number(number2), "formattedCardinalityValue": .text(display2), ]) assert(ExactString(message2) == ExactString("2 gi")) // CARDINALITY_FEW let number3 = try NumericValue.forDecimal("3") let category3 = try Cardinality.forNumber(number3, locale: locale.tag) assert(category3 == .few) // This fixed display value makes the translation assertion reproducible. let display3 = "3" let message3 = try strings.get("Cardinality.MinimalPair", placeholders: [ "cardinalityValue": .number(number3), "formattedCardinalityValue": .text(display3), ]) assert(ExactString(message3) == ExactString("3 cʼhi-error")) // CARDINALITY_MANY let number4 = try NumericValue.forDecimal("1000000") let category4 = try Cardinality.forNumber(number4, locale: locale.tag) assert(category4 == .many) // This fixed display value makes the translation assertion reproducible. let display4 = "1\u{A0}000\u{A0}000" let message4 = try strings.get("Cardinality.MinimalPair", placeholders: [ "cardinalityValue": .number(number4), "formattedCardinalityValue": .text(display4), ]) assert(ExactString(message4) == ExactString("1\u{A0}000\u{A0}000 a chas")) // CARDINALITY_OTHER let number5 = try NumericValue.forDecimal("0") let category5 = try Cardinality.forNumber(number5, locale: locale.tag) assert(category5 == .other) // This fixed display value makes the translation assertion reproducible. let display5 = "0" let message5 = try strings.get("Cardinality.MinimalPair", placeholders: [ "cardinalityValue": .number(number5), "formattedCardinalityValue": .text(display5), ]) assert(ExactString(message5) == ExactString("0 ki"))
Cardinality Ranges
No explicit CLDR cardinality-range mapping is defined for this language, so every range falls back to the ending cardinality.
Cardinality range example
Because CLDR defines no explicit range mapping for this locale, the ending cardinality selects the result. The selected form wraps a separately formatted display range.
Sample localized strings file
{ "Delivery.Window": { "commentary": "Estimated delivery window, expressed as a range of days.", "translation": "{{window}}", "placeholders": { "window": { "range": { "start": "minDays", "end": "maxDays" }, "translations": { "CARDINALITY_ONE": "{{formattedDayRange}} deiz", "CARDINALITY_TWO": "{{formattedDayRange}} zeiz", "CARDINALITY_FEW": "{{formattedDayRange}} deiz", "CARDINALITY_MANY": "{{formattedDayRange}} a zeizioù", "CARDINALITY_OTHER": "{{formattedDayRange}} deiz" } } } } }
Usage and expected results
JavaScript
The JavaScript code passes raw range endpoints for selection, formats both endpoints separately with Intl.NumberFormat, and joins them for display; choose range punctuation appropriate to your application. Range rules are an optional import, lokalized/data/ranges.
import { cardinalityForNumber, createStrings, decimal } from "lokalized"; import { cardinalRangeData, cardinalityForRange } from "lokalized/data/ranges"; import { readStringsFromDirectory } from "lokalized/node"; const locale = "br"; const strings = createStrings({ localizedStringSupplier: () => readStringsFromDirectory("strings").catalogs, fallbackLocale: locale, localeSupplier: () => locale, pluralData: { ranges: cardinalRangeData }, }); const numberFormat = new Intl.NumberFormat(locale); // Raw numbers select language forms; Intl.NumberFormat produces the display values // CARDINALITY_OTHER range (ending-cardinality fallback) const minDays = 0; const formattedMinDays = numberFormat.format(minDays); const maxDays = decimal("0.9"); const formattedMaxDays = new Intl.NumberFormat(locale, { minimumFractionDigits: 1, maximumFractionDigits: 1 }) .format("0.9"); const formattedDayRange = formattedMinDays + "-" + formattedMaxDays; cardinalityForRange( cardinalityForNumber(minDays, locale), cardinalityForNumber(maxDays, locale), locale ).name; // => "CARDINALITY_OTHER" strings.get("Delivery.Window", { minDays, maxDays, formattedDayRange }); // => "0-0,9 deiz"
Java
The Java code passes raw range endpoints for selection. Because NumberFormat formats one number at a time, it formats both endpoints separately and joins them for display; choose range punctuation appropriate to your application.
Locale locale = Locale.forLanguageTag("br"); Strings strings = Strings.withFallbackLocale(locale) .localizedStringSupplier(() -> LocalizedStringLoader.loadFromFilesystem(Paths.get("strings"))) .localeSupplier((matcher) -> matcher.bestMatchFor(locale)) .build(); NumberFormat numberFormat = NumberFormat.getNumberInstance(locale); // Raw numbers select language forms; NumberFormat produces the display values // CARDINALITY_OTHER range (ending-cardinality fallback) Number minDays = 0; String formattedMinDays = numberFormat.format(minDays); Number maxDays = new java.math.BigDecimal("0.9"); NumberFormat maxDaysFormat = NumberFormat.getNumberInstance(locale); maxDaysFormat.setMinimumFractionDigits(1); maxDaysFormat.setMaximumFractionDigits(1); String formattedMaxDays = maxDaysFormat.format(maxDays); String formattedDayRange = formattedMinDays + "-" + formattedMaxDays; assertEquals(Cardinality.OTHER, Cardinality.forRange( Cardinality.forNumber(minDays, locale), Cardinality.forNumber(maxDays, locale), locale )); // Expected: 0-0,9 deiz assertEquals(formattedDayRange + " deiz", strings.get( "Delivery.Window", Map.of("minDays", minDays, "maxDays", maxDays, "formattedDayRange", formattedDayRange) ));
Swift
Swift uses pinned CLDR rules for raw numeric values. The display strings in these assertions are fixed examples; applications format display values separately with Foundation. Default .rtlLocales bidi isolation adds FSI/PDI to interpolated values in right-to-left output.
import Foundation import Lokalized let locale = try LocaleTag("br") let files = try LocalizedStringLoader.loadFromDirectory(URL(fileURLWithPath: "strings")) let catalogs = files.mapValues { LocalizedCatalog(strings: $0.strings) } let strings = try DefaultStrings(configuration: StringsConfiguration( localizedStringSupplier: { catalogs }, localeSupplier: { _ in locale }, fallbackLocale: locale )) let start = try NumericValue.forDecimal("0") let end = try NumericValue.forDecimal("0.9") let startForm = try Cardinality.forNumber(start, locale: locale.tag) let endForm = try Cardinality.forNumber(end, locale: locale.tag) let rangeForm = try Cardinality.forRange(startForm, endForm, locale: locale.tag) assert(rangeForm == .other) let message1 = try strings.get("Delivery.Window", placeholders: [ "minDays": .number(start), "maxDays": .number(end), "formattedDayRange": .text("0-0,9"), ]) assert(ExactString(message1) == ExactString("0-0,9 deiz"))
Ordinalities
All ordinal numbers use ORDINALITY_OTHER; no value selects a different form.
Example: 2vet.
Addendum: Language Form Rules
The language form expressions above are specified by Unicode Technical Standard #35 and use the following notation:
nabsolute value of the source number (integer and decimals)iinteger digits ofnvnumber of visible fraction digits inn, with trailing zeroswnumber of visible fraction digits inn, without trailing zerosfvisible fractional digits inn, with trailing zerostvisible fractional digits inn, without trailing zerosc/ecompact decimal exponent operands used by some CLDR compact-number rules