Cardinalities
-
CARDINALITY_ZERO
Matches
n = 0Example Integers:
0Example Decimals:
0.0, 0.00, 0.000, 0.0000 -
CARDINALITY_ONE
Matches
n = 1Example Integers:
1Example Decimals:
1.0, 1.00, 1.000, 1.0000 -
CARDINALITY_TWO
Matches
n = 2Example Integers:
2Example Decimals:
2.0, 2.00, 2.000, 2.0000 -
CARDINALITY_FEW
Matches
n % 100 = 3..10Example Integers:
3, 10, 103, 110, 1003, …Example Decimals:
3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 7.0, 8.0, 9.0, 10.0, 103.0, 1003.0, … -
CARDINALITY_MANY
Matches
n % 100 = 11..99Example Integers:
11, 26, 111, 1011, …Example Decimals:
11.0, 12.0, 13.0, 14.0, 15.0, 16.0, 17.0, 18.0, 111.0, 1011.0, … -
CARDINALITY_OTHER
Matches
all other valuesExample Integers:
100, 102, 200, 202, 300, 302, 400, 402, 500, 502, 600, 1000, 10000, 100000, 1000000, …Example Decimals:
0.1, 0.9, 1.1, 1.7, 10.1, 100.0, 1000.0, 10000.0, 100000.0, 1000000.0, …
Cardinality example
This localized strings file selects the localized form of “day” for a delivery estimate. Raw numbers choose the CLDR category; values formatted for display are interpolated.
Sample localized strings file
{ "Delivery.LeadTime": { "commentary": "Estimated delivery time, expressed in days.", "translation": "{{leadTime}}", "placeholders": { "leadTime": { "value": "dayCount", "translations": { "CARDINALITY_ZERO": "{{formattedDayCount}} يوم", "CARDINALITY_ONE": "يوم", "CARDINALITY_TWO": "يومان", "CARDINALITY_FEW": "{{formattedDayCount}} أيام", "CARDINALITY_MANY": "{{formattedDayCount}} يومًا", "CARDINALITY_OTHER": "{{formattedDayCount}} يوم" } } } } }
Usage and expected results
JavaScript
The JavaScript code passes each raw number for cardinality selection and formats its display value separately with Intl.NumberFormat. For this right-to-left locale, the default bidiIsolation, "rtl-locales", wraps caller-supplied formatted values with U+2068 FIRST STRONG ISOLATE and U+2069 POP DIRECTIONAL ISOLATE; the expected strings below show those escapes.
import { cardinalityForNumber, createStrings } from "lokalized"; import { readStringsFromDirectory } from "lokalized/node"; const locale = "ars"; const strings = createStrings({ localizedStringSupplier: () => readStringsFromDirectory("strings").catalogs, fallbackLocale: locale, localeSupplier: () => locale, }); const numberFormat = new Intl.NumberFormat(locale); // Raw numbers select language forms; Intl.NumberFormat produces the display values // CARDINALITY_ZERO const zeroDayCount = 0; const zeroFormattedDayCount = numberFormat.format(zeroDayCount); cardinalityForNumber(zeroDayCount, locale).name; // => "CARDINALITY_ZERO" // U+2068 FIRST STRONG ISOLATE begins bidirectional isolation around a caller-supplied value in right-to-left text // U+2069 POP DIRECTIONAL ISOLATE ends bidirectional isolation around a caller-supplied value in right-to-left text strings.get("Delivery.LeadTime", { dayCount: zeroDayCount, formattedDayCount: zeroFormattedDayCount, }); // => "\u2068٠\u2069 يوم" // CARDINALITY_ONE const oneDayCount = 1; const oneFormattedDayCount = numberFormat.format(oneDayCount); cardinalityForNumber(oneDayCount, locale).name; // => "CARDINALITY_ONE" strings.get("Delivery.LeadTime", { dayCount: oneDayCount, formattedDayCount: oneFormattedDayCount, }); // => "يوم" // CARDINALITY_TWO const twoDayCount = 2; const twoFormattedDayCount = numberFormat.format(twoDayCount); cardinalityForNumber(twoDayCount, locale).name; // => "CARDINALITY_TWO" strings.get("Delivery.LeadTime", { dayCount: twoDayCount, formattedDayCount: twoFormattedDayCount, }); // => "يومان" // CARDINALITY_FEW const fewDayCount = 3; const fewFormattedDayCount = numberFormat.format(fewDayCount); cardinalityForNumber(fewDayCount, locale).name; // => "CARDINALITY_FEW" strings.get("Delivery.LeadTime", { dayCount: fewDayCount, formattedDayCount: fewFormattedDayCount, }); // => "\u2068٣\u2069 أيام" // CARDINALITY_MANY const manyDayCount = 11; const manyFormattedDayCount = numberFormat.format(manyDayCount); cardinalityForNumber(manyDayCount, locale).name; // => "CARDINALITY_MANY" strings.get("Delivery.LeadTime", { dayCount: manyDayCount, formattedDayCount: manyFormattedDayCount, }); // => "\u2068١١\u2069 يومًا" // CARDINALITY_OTHER const otherDayCount = 100; const otherFormattedDayCount = numberFormat.format(otherDayCount); cardinalityForNumber(otherDayCount, locale).name; // => "CARDINALITY_OTHER" strings.get("Delivery.LeadTime", { dayCount: otherDayCount, formattedDayCount: otherFormattedDayCount, }); // => "\u2068١٠٠\u2069 يوم"
Java
The Java code passes each raw number for cardinality selection and formats its display value separately with NumberFormat. For this right-to-left locale, Lokalized's default BidiIsolation.RTL_LOCALES wraps caller-supplied formatted values with U+2068 FIRST STRONG ISOLATE and U+2069 POP DIRECTIONAL ISOLATE; the expected expressions below show those escapes.
Locale locale = Locale.forLanguageTag("ars"); Strings strings = Strings.withFallbackLocale(locale) .localizedStringSupplier(() -> LocalizedStringLoader.loadFromFilesystem(Paths.get("strings"))) .localeSupplier((matcher) -> matcher.bestMatchFor(locale)) .build(); NumberFormat numberFormat = NumberFormat.getNumberInstance(locale); // Raw numbers select language forms; NumberFormat produces the display values // CARDINALITY_ZERO Number zeroDayCount = 0; String zeroFormattedDayCount = numberFormat.format(zeroDayCount); assertEquals(Cardinality.ZERO, Cardinality.forNumber(zeroDayCount, locale)); // Expected: <FSI>٠<PDI> يوم // U+2068 FIRST STRONG ISOLATE begins bidirectional isolation around a caller-supplied value in right-to-left text // U+2069 POP DIRECTIONAL ISOLATE ends bidirectional isolation around a caller-supplied value in right-to-left text assertEquals("\u2068" + zeroFormattedDayCount + "\u2069 يوم", strings.get( "Delivery.LeadTime", Map.of("dayCount", zeroDayCount, "formattedDayCount", zeroFormattedDayCount) )); // CARDINALITY_ONE Number oneDayCount = 1; String oneFormattedDayCount = numberFormat.format(oneDayCount); assertEquals(Cardinality.ONE, Cardinality.forNumber(oneDayCount, locale)); assertEquals("يوم", strings.get( "Delivery.LeadTime", Map.of("dayCount", oneDayCount, "formattedDayCount", oneFormattedDayCount) )); // CARDINALITY_TWO Number twoDayCount = 2; String twoFormattedDayCount = numberFormat.format(twoDayCount); assertEquals(Cardinality.TWO, Cardinality.forNumber(twoDayCount, locale)); assertEquals("يومان", strings.get( "Delivery.LeadTime", Map.of("dayCount", twoDayCount, "formattedDayCount", twoFormattedDayCount) )); // CARDINALITY_FEW Number fewDayCount = 3; String fewFormattedDayCount = numberFormat.format(fewDayCount); assertEquals(Cardinality.FEW, Cardinality.forNumber(fewDayCount, locale)); // Expected: <FSI>٣<PDI> أيام assertEquals("\u2068" + fewFormattedDayCount + "\u2069 أيام", strings.get( "Delivery.LeadTime", Map.of("dayCount", fewDayCount, "formattedDayCount", fewFormattedDayCount) )); // CARDINALITY_MANY Number manyDayCount = 11; String manyFormattedDayCount = numberFormat.format(manyDayCount); assertEquals(Cardinality.MANY, Cardinality.forNumber(manyDayCount, locale)); // Expected: <FSI>١١<PDI> يومًا assertEquals("\u2068" + manyFormattedDayCount + "\u2069 يومًا", strings.get( "Delivery.LeadTime", Map.of("dayCount", manyDayCount, "formattedDayCount", manyFormattedDayCount) )); // CARDINALITY_OTHER Number otherDayCount = 100; String otherFormattedDayCount = numberFormat.format(otherDayCount); assertEquals(Cardinality.OTHER, Cardinality.forNumber(otherDayCount, locale)); // Expected: <FSI>١٠٠<PDI> يوم assertEquals("\u2068" + otherFormattedDayCount + "\u2069 يوم", strings.get( "Delivery.LeadTime", Map.of("dayCount", otherDayCount, "formattedDayCount", otherFormattedDayCount) ));
Swift
Swift uses pinned CLDR rules for raw numeric values. The display strings in these assertions are fixed examples; applications format display values separately with Foundation. Default .rtlLocales bidi isolation adds FSI/PDI to interpolated values in right-to-left output.
import Foundation import Lokalized let locale = try LocaleTag("ars") let files = try LocalizedStringLoader.loadFromDirectory(URL(fileURLWithPath: "strings")) let catalogs = files.mapValues { LocalizedCatalog(strings: $0.strings) } let strings = try DefaultStrings(configuration: StringsConfiguration( localizedStringSupplier: { catalogs }, localeSupplier: { _ in locale }, fallbackLocale: locale )) // CARDINALITY_ZERO let number1 = try NumericValue.forDecimal("0") let category1 = try Cardinality.forNumber(number1, locale: locale.tag) assert(category1 == .zero) // This fixed display value makes the translation assertion reproducible. let display1 = "٠" let message1 = try strings.get("Delivery.LeadTime", placeholders: [ "dayCount": .number(number1), "formattedDayCount": .text(display1), ]) assert(ExactString(message1) == ExactString("\u{2068}٠\u{2069} يوم")) // CARDINALITY_ONE let number2 = try NumericValue.forDecimal("1") let category2 = try Cardinality.forNumber(number2, locale: locale.tag) assert(category2 == .one) // This fixed display value makes the translation assertion reproducible. let display2 = "١" let message2 = try strings.get("Delivery.LeadTime", placeholders: [ "dayCount": .number(number2), "formattedDayCount": .text(display2), ]) assert(ExactString(message2) == ExactString("يوم")) // CARDINALITY_TWO let number3 = try NumericValue.forDecimal("2") let category3 = try Cardinality.forNumber(number3, locale: locale.tag) assert(category3 == .two) // This fixed display value makes the translation assertion reproducible. let display3 = "٢" let message3 = try strings.get("Delivery.LeadTime", placeholders: [ "dayCount": .number(number3), "formattedDayCount": .text(display3), ]) assert(ExactString(message3) == ExactString("يومان")) // CARDINALITY_FEW let number4 = try NumericValue.forDecimal("3") let category4 = try Cardinality.forNumber(number4, locale: locale.tag) assert(category4 == .few) // This fixed display value makes the translation assertion reproducible. let display4 = "٣" let message4 = try strings.get("Delivery.LeadTime", placeholders: [ "dayCount": .number(number4), "formattedDayCount": .text(display4), ]) assert(ExactString(message4) == ExactString("\u{2068}٣\u{2069} أيام")) // CARDINALITY_MANY let number5 = try NumericValue.forDecimal("11") let category5 = try Cardinality.forNumber(number5, locale: locale.tag) assert(category5 == .many) // This fixed display value makes the translation assertion reproducible. let display5 = "١١" let message5 = try strings.get("Delivery.LeadTime", placeholders: [ "dayCount": .number(number5), "formattedDayCount": .text(display5), ]) assert(ExactString(message5) == ExactString("\u{2068}١١\u{2069} يومًا")) // CARDINALITY_OTHER let number6 = try NumericValue.forDecimal("100") let category6 = try Cardinality.forNumber(number6, locale: locale.tag) assert(category6 == .other) // This fixed display value makes the translation assertion reproducible. let display6 = "١٠٠" let message6 = try strings.get("Delivery.LeadTime", placeholders: [ "dayCount": .number(number6), "formattedDayCount": .text(display6), ]) assert(ExactString(message6) == ExactString("\u{2068}١٠٠\u{2069} يوم"))
Cardinality Ranges
No explicit CLDR cardinality-range mapping is defined for this language, so every range falls back to the ending cardinality.
Cardinality range example
Because CLDR defines no explicit range mapping for this locale, the ending cardinality selects the result. The selected form wraps a separately formatted display range.
Sample localized strings file
{ "Delivery.Window": { "commentary": "Estimated delivery window, expressed as a range of days.", "translation": "{{window}}", "placeholders": { "window": { "range": { "start": "minDays", "end": "maxDays" }, "translations": { "CARDINALITY_ZERO": "{{formattedDayRange}} يوم", "CARDINALITY_ONE": "{{formattedDayRange}} يوم", "CARDINALITY_TWO": "{{formattedDayRange}} يومان", "CARDINALITY_FEW": "{{formattedDayRange}} أيام", "CARDINALITY_MANY": "{{formattedDayRange}} يومًا", "CARDINALITY_OTHER": "{{formattedDayRange}} يوم" } } } } }
Usage and expected results
JavaScript
The JavaScript code passes raw range endpoints for selection, formats both endpoints separately with Intl.NumberFormat, and joins them for display; choose range punctuation appropriate to your application. Range rules are an optional import, lokalized/data/ranges. For this right-to-left locale, the default bidiIsolation, "rtl-locales", wraps caller-supplied formatted values with U+2068 FIRST STRONG ISOLATE and U+2069 POP DIRECTIONAL ISOLATE; the expected strings below show those escapes.
import { cardinalityForNumber, createStrings, decimal } from "lokalized"; import { cardinalRangeData, cardinalityForRange } from "lokalized/data/ranges"; import { readStringsFromDirectory } from "lokalized/node"; const locale = "ars"; const strings = createStrings({ localizedStringSupplier: () => readStringsFromDirectory("strings").catalogs, fallbackLocale: locale, localeSupplier: () => locale, pluralData: { ranges: cardinalRangeData }, }); const numberFormat = new Intl.NumberFormat(locale); // Raw numbers select language forms; Intl.NumberFormat produces the display values // CARDINALITY_OTHER range (ending-cardinality fallback) const minDays = 0; const formattedMinDays = numberFormat.format(minDays); const maxDays = decimal("0.1"); const formattedMaxDays = new Intl.NumberFormat(locale, { minimumFractionDigits: 1, maximumFractionDigits: 1 }) .format("0.1"); const formattedDayRange = formattedMinDays + "-" + formattedMaxDays; cardinalityForRange( cardinalityForNumber(minDays, locale), cardinalityForNumber(maxDays, locale), locale ).name; // => "CARDINALITY_OTHER" // U+2068 FIRST STRONG ISOLATE begins bidirectional isolation around a caller-supplied value in right-to-left text // U+2069 POP DIRECTIONAL ISOLATE ends bidirectional isolation around a caller-supplied value in right-to-left text strings.get("Delivery.Window", { minDays, maxDays, formattedDayRange }); // => "\u2068٠-٠٫١\u2069 يوم"
Java
The Java code passes raw range endpoints for selection. Because NumberFormat formats one number at a time, it formats both endpoints separately and joins them for display; choose range punctuation appropriate to your application. For this right-to-left locale, Lokalized's default BidiIsolation.RTL_LOCALES wraps caller-supplied formatted values with U+2068 FIRST STRONG ISOLATE and U+2069 POP DIRECTIONAL ISOLATE; the expected expressions below show those escapes.
Locale locale = Locale.forLanguageTag("ars"); Strings strings = Strings.withFallbackLocale(locale) .localizedStringSupplier(() -> LocalizedStringLoader.loadFromFilesystem(Paths.get("strings"))) .localeSupplier((matcher) -> matcher.bestMatchFor(locale)) .build(); NumberFormat numberFormat = NumberFormat.getNumberInstance(locale); // Raw numbers select language forms; NumberFormat produces the display values // CARDINALITY_OTHER range (ending-cardinality fallback) Number minDays = 0; String formattedMinDays = numberFormat.format(minDays); Number maxDays = new java.math.BigDecimal("0.1"); NumberFormat maxDaysFormat = NumberFormat.getNumberInstance(locale); maxDaysFormat.setMinimumFractionDigits(1); maxDaysFormat.setMaximumFractionDigits(1); String formattedMaxDays = maxDaysFormat.format(maxDays); String formattedDayRange = formattedMinDays + "-" + formattedMaxDays; assertEquals(Cardinality.OTHER, Cardinality.forRange( Cardinality.forNumber(minDays, locale), Cardinality.forNumber(maxDays, locale), locale )); // Expected: <FSI>٠-٠٫١<PDI> يوم // U+2068 FIRST STRONG ISOLATE begins bidirectional isolation around a caller-supplied value in right-to-left text // U+2069 POP DIRECTIONAL ISOLATE ends bidirectional isolation around a caller-supplied value in right-to-left text assertEquals("\u2068" + formattedDayRange + "\u2069 يوم", strings.get( "Delivery.Window", Map.of("minDays", minDays, "maxDays", maxDays, "formattedDayRange", formattedDayRange) ));
Swift
Swift uses pinned CLDR rules for raw numeric values. The display strings in these assertions are fixed examples; applications format display values separately with Foundation. Default .rtlLocales bidi isolation adds FSI/PDI to interpolated values in right-to-left output.
import Foundation import Lokalized let locale = try LocaleTag("ars") let files = try LocalizedStringLoader.loadFromDirectory(URL(fileURLWithPath: "strings")) let catalogs = files.mapValues { LocalizedCatalog(strings: $0.strings) } let strings = try DefaultStrings(configuration: StringsConfiguration( localizedStringSupplier: { catalogs }, localeSupplier: { _ in locale }, fallbackLocale: locale )) let start = try NumericValue.forDecimal("0") let end = try NumericValue.forDecimal("0.1") let startForm = try Cardinality.forNumber(start, locale: locale.tag) let endForm = try Cardinality.forNumber(end, locale: locale.tag) let rangeForm = try Cardinality.forRange(startForm, endForm, locale: locale.tag) assert(rangeForm == .other) let message1 = try strings.get("Delivery.Window", placeholders: [ "minDays": .number(start), "maxDays": .number(end), "formattedDayRange": .text("٠-٠٫١"), ]) assert(ExactString(message1) == ExactString("\u{2068}٠-٠٫١\u{2069} يوم"))
Ordinalities
All ordinal numbers use ORDINALITY_OTHER; no value selects a different form.
Addendum: Language Form Rules
The language form expressions above are specified by Unicode Technical Standard #35 and use the following notation:
nabsolute value of the source number (integer and decimals)iinteger digits ofnvnumber of visible fraction digits inn, with trailing zeroswnumber of visible fraction digits inn, without trailing zerosfvisible fractional digits inn, with trailing zerostvisible fractional digits inn, without trailing zerosc/ecompact decimal exponent operands used by some CLDR compact-number rules