Arabic (Egypt) العربية (مصر) ar-EG

Lokalized supports cardinality, cardinality range, and ordinality rules for Arabic (Egypt).

Additional modeled concepts for Arabic (Egypt): definiteness; sound-dependent word forms.

Cardinalities

  • CARDINALITY_ZERO

    Matches n = 0

    Example Integers: 0

    Example Decimals: 0.0, 0.00, 0.000, 0.0000

  • CARDINALITY_ONE

    Matches n = 1

    Example Integers: 1

    Example Decimals: 1.0, 1.00, 1.000, 1.0000

  • CARDINALITY_TWO

    Matches n = 2

    Example Integers: 2

    Example Decimals: 2.0, 2.00, 2.000, 2.0000

  • CARDINALITY_FEW

    Matches n % 100 = 3..10

    Example Integers: 3, 10, 103, 110, 1003, …

    Example Decimals: 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 7.0, 8.0, 9.0, 10.0, 103.0, 1003.0, …

  • CARDINALITY_MANY

    Matches n % 100 = 11..99

    Example Integers: 11, 26, 111, 1011, …

    Example Decimals: 11.0, 12.0, 13.0, 14.0, 15.0, 16.0, 17.0, 18.0, 111.0, 1011.0, …

  • CARDINALITY_OTHER

    Matches all other values

    Example Integers: 100, 102, 200, 202, 300, 302, 400, 402, 500, 502, 600, 1000, 10000, 100000, 1000000, …

    Example Decimals: 0.1, 0.9, 1.1, 1.7, 10.1, 100.0, 1000.0, 10000.0, 100000.0, 1000000.0, …

Cardinality example

This localized strings file selects the localized form of “day” for a delivery estimate. Raw numbers choose the CLDR category; values formatted with the JDK NumberFormat are interpolated for display.

Sample localized strings file
ar-EG.json Localized Strings File (Arabic (Egypt)) 
{
  "Delivery.LeadTime": {
    "commentary": "Estimated delivery time, expressed in days.",
    "translation": "{{leadTime}}",
    "placeholders": {
      "leadTime": {
        "value": "dayCount",
        "translations": {
          "CARDINALITY_ZERO": "{{formattedDayCount}} يوم",
          "CARDINALITY_ONE": "يوم",
          "CARDINALITY_TWO": "يومان",
          "CARDINALITY_FEW": "{{formattedDayCount}} أيام",
          "CARDINALITY_MANY": "{{formattedDayCount}} يومًا",
          "CARDINALITY_OTHER": "{{formattedDayCount}} يوم"
        }
      }
    }
  }
}
Usage and expected results

The Java code passes each raw number for cardinality selection and formats its display value separately with NumberFormat. The exact-tag 1,000,000 assertion records JDK 26 output; older JDK locale data can differ. For this right-to-left locale, Lokalized's default BidiIsolation.RTL_LOCALES wraps caller-supplied formatted values with U+2068 FIRST STRONG ISOLATE and U+2069 POP DIRECTIONAL ISOLATE; the expected expressions below show those escapes.

Locale locale = Locale.forLanguageTag("ar-EG");

Strings strings = Strings.withFallbackLocale(locale)
  .localizedStringSupplier(() -> LocalizedStringLoader.loadFromFilesystem(Paths.get("strings")))
  .localeSupplier((matcher) -> matcher.bestMatchFor(locale))
  .build();

NumberFormat numberFormat = NumberFormat.getNumberInstance(locale);

// Raw numbers select language forms; NumberFormat produces the display values

// CARDINALITY_ZERO
Number zeroDayCount = 0;
String zeroFormattedDayCount = numberFormat.format(zeroDayCount);

// Expected: <FSI>٠<PDI> يوم
// U+2068 FIRST STRONG ISOLATE begins bidirectional isolation around a caller-supplied value in right-to-left text
// U+2069 POP DIRECTIONAL ISOLATE ends bidirectional isolation around a caller-supplied value in right-to-left text
assertEquals("\u2068" + zeroFormattedDayCount + "\u2069 يوم", strings.get(
  "Delivery.LeadTime", Map.of("dayCount", zeroDayCount, "formattedDayCount", zeroFormattedDayCount)
));

// CARDINALITY_ONE
Number oneDayCount = 1;
String oneFormattedDayCount = numberFormat.format(oneDayCount);

assertEquals("يوم", strings.get(
  "Delivery.LeadTime", Map.of("dayCount", oneDayCount, "formattedDayCount", oneFormattedDayCount)
));

// CARDINALITY_TWO
Number twoDayCount = 2;
String twoFormattedDayCount = numberFormat.format(twoDayCount);

assertEquals("يومان", strings.get(
  "Delivery.LeadTime", Map.of("dayCount", twoDayCount, "formattedDayCount", twoFormattedDayCount)
));

// CARDINALITY_FEW
Number fewDayCount = 3;
String fewFormattedDayCount = numberFormat.format(fewDayCount);

// Expected: <FSI>٣<PDI> أيام
assertEquals("\u2068" + fewFormattedDayCount + "\u2069 أيام", strings.get(
  "Delivery.LeadTime", Map.of("dayCount", fewDayCount, "formattedDayCount", fewFormattedDayCount)
));

// CARDINALITY_MANY
Number manyDayCount = 11;
String manyFormattedDayCount = numberFormat.format(manyDayCount);

// Expected: <FSI>١١<PDI> يومًا
assertEquals("\u2068" + manyFormattedDayCount + "\u2069 يومًا", strings.get(
  "Delivery.LeadTime", Map.of("dayCount", manyDayCount, "formattedDayCount", manyFormattedDayCount)
));

// CARDINALITY_OTHER
Number otherDayCount = 100;
String otherFormattedDayCount = numberFormat.format(otherDayCount);

// Expected: <FSI>١٠٠<PDI> يوم
assertEquals("\u2068" + otherFormattedDayCount + "\u2069 يوم", strings.get(
  "Delivery.LeadTime", Map.of("dayCount", otherDayCount, "formattedDayCount", otherFormattedDayCount)
));

// Exact-tag formatting sample
Number localeProfileDayCount = 1_000_000;
String localeProfileFormattedDayCount = numberFormat.format(localeProfileDayCount);

assertEquals("١٬٠٠٠٬٠٠٠", localeProfileFormattedDayCount);

assertEquals(Cardinality.OTHER, Cardinality.forNumber(localeProfileDayCount, locale));

// Expected: <FSI>١٬٠٠٠٬٠٠٠<PDI> يوم
assertEquals("\u2068" + localeProfileFormattedDayCount + "\u2069 يوم", strings.get(
  "Delivery.LeadTime",
  Map.of("dayCount", localeProfileDayCount, "formattedDayCount", localeProfileFormattedDayCount)
));

Cardinality Ranges

These are CLDR's explicit range mappings. For any start/end pair not listed, Cardinality.forRange(...) falls back to the ending cardinality.

  • CARDINALITY_ZERO - CARDINALITY_ONE

    Matches CARDINALITY_ZERO

  • CARDINALITY_ZERO - CARDINALITY_TWO

    Matches CARDINALITY_ZERO

  • CARDINALITY_ZERO - CARDINALITY_FEW

    Matches CARDINALITY_FEW

  • CARDINALITY_ZERO - CARDINALITY_MANY

    Matches CARDINALITY_MANY

  • CARDINALITY_ZERO - CARDINALITY_OTHER

    Matches CARDINALITY_OTHER

  • CARDINALITY_ONE - CARDINALITY_TWO

    Matches CARDINALITY_OTHER

  • CARDINALITY_ONE - CARDINALITY_FEW

    Matches CARDINALITY_FEW

  • CARDINALITY_ONE - CARDINALITY_MANY

    Matches CARDINALITY_MANY

  • CARDINALITY_ONE - CARDINALITY_OTHER

    Matches CARDINALITY_OTHER

  • CARDINALITY_TWO - CARDINALITY_FEW

    Matches CARDINALITY_FEW

  • CARDINALITY_TWO - CARDINALITY_MANY

    Matches CARDINALITY_MANY

  • CARDINALITY_TWO - CARDINALITY_OTHER

    Matches CARDINALITY_OTHER

  • CARDINALITY_FEW - CARDINALITY_FEW

    Matches CARDINALITY_FEW

  • CARDINALITY_FEW - CARDINALITY_MANY

    Matches CARDINALITY_MANY

  • CARDINALITY_FEW - CARDINALITY_OTHER

    Matches CARDINALITY_OTHER

  • CARDINALITY_MANY - CARDINALITY_FEW

    Matches CARDINALITY_FEW

  • CARDINALITY_MANY - CARDINALITY_MANY

    Matches CARDINALITY_MANY

  • CARDINALITY_MANY - CARDINALITY_OTHER

    Matches CARDINALITY_OTHER

  • CARDINALITY_OTHER - CARDINALITY_ONE

    Matches CARDINALITY_OTHER

  • CARDINALITY_OTHER - CARDINALITY_TWO

    Matches CARDINALITY_OTHER

  • CARDINALITY_OTHER - CARDINALITY_FEW

    Matches CARDINALITY_FEW

  • CARDINALITY_OTHER - CARDINALITY_MANY

    Matches CARDINALITY_MANY

  • CARDINALITY_OTHER - CARDINALITY_OTHER

    Matches CARDINALITY_OTHER

Cardinality range example

The start and end cardinalities select the locale's CLDR range result. The selected form wraps a separately formatted display range.

Sample localized strings file
ar-EG.json Localized Strings File (Arabic (Egypt)) 
{
  "Delivery.Window": {
    "commentary": "Estimated delivery window, expressed as a range of days.",
    "translation": "{{window}}",
    "placeholders": {
      "window": {
        "range": {
          "start": "minDays",
          "end": "maxDays"
        },
        "translations": {
          "CARDINALITY_ZERO": "{{formattedDayRange}} يوم",
          "CARDINALITY_ONE": "{{formattedDayRange}} يوم",
          "CARDINALITY_TWO": "{{formattedDayRange}} يومان",
          "CARDINALITY_FEW": "{{formattedDayRange}} أيام",
          "CARDINALITY_MANY": "{{formattedDayRange}} يومًا",
          "CARDINALITY_OTHER": "{{formattedDayRange}} يوم"
        }
      }
    }
  }
}
Usage and expected results

The Java code passes raw range endpoints for selection. Because NumberFormat formats one number at a time, it formats both endpoints separately and joins them for display; choose range punctuation appropriate to your application. For this right-to-left locale, Lokalized's default BidiIsolation.RTL_LOCALES wraps caller-supplied formatted values with U+2068 FIRST STRONG ISOLATE and U+2069 POP DIRECTIONAL ISOLATE; the expected expressions below show those escapes.

Locale locale = Locale.forLanguageTag("ar-EG");

Strings strings = Strings.withFallbackLocale(locale)
  .localizedStringSupplier(() -> LocalizedStringLoader.loadFromFilesystem(Paths.get("strings")))
  .localeSupplier((matcher) -> matcher.bestMatchFor(locale))
  .build();

NumberFormat numberFormat = NumberFormat.getNumberInstance(locale);

// Raw numbers select language forms; NumberFormat produces the display values

// CARDINALITY_ZERO range
Number minDays = 0;
String formattedMinDays = numberFormat.format(minDays);
Number maxDays = 1;
String formattedMaxDays = numberFormat.format(maxDays);
String formattedDayRange = formattedMinDays + "-" + formattedMaxDays;

assertEquals(Cardinality.ZERO, Cardinality.forRange(
  Cardinality.forNumber(minDays, locale),
  Cardinality.forNumber(maxDays, locale),
  locale
));

// Expected: <FSI>٠-١<PDI> يوم
// U+2068 FIRST STRONG ISOLATE begins bidirectional isolation around a caller-supplied value in right-to-left text
// U+2069 POP DIRECTIONAL ISOLATE ends bidirectional isolation around a caller-supplied value in right-to-left text
assertEquals("\u2068" + formattedDayRange + "\u2069 يوم", strings.get(
  "Delivery.Window",
  Map.of("minDays", minDays, "maxDays", maxDays, "formattedDayRange", formattedDayRange)
));

Ordinalities

All ordinal numbers use ORDINALITY_OTHER; no value selects a different form.

Example: اتجه إلى المنعطف الـ ٢ يمينًا..

Language-Specific Examples

These examples show how Lokalized models grammatical choices and translation behavior that commonly affect Arabic (Egypt) application copy. Each example identifies the Lokalized language forms and other library features it uses.

Definiteness in noun phrases

This example contrasts an indefinite direct object, a definite noun, and a definite iḍāfa construct phrase. Construct state describes the relationship between the nouns; it is not a third degree of definiteness.

Language references: University of Oregon - the Arabic definite article, University of Oregon - the iḍāfa construct, Western Kentucky University - Arabic accusative forms

Lokalized forms used: Definiteness

Sample localized strings file
ar-EG.json Localized Strings File (Arabic (Egypt)) 
{
  "Open {{document}}.": {
    "translation": "افتح {{document}}.",
    "placeholders": {
      "document": {
        "value": "definiteness",
        "translations": {
          "DEFINITENESS_DEFINITE": "الكتاب",
          "DEFINITENESS_INDEFINITE": "كتابًا",
          "DEFINITENESS_CONSTRUCT": "كتاب الطالب"
        }
      }
    }
  }
}
Usage and expected results
Locale locale = Locale.forLanguageTag("ar-EG");

Strings strings = Strings.withFallbackLocale(locale)
  .localizedStringSupplier(() -> LocalizedStringLoader.loadFromFilesystem(Paths.get("strings")))
  .localeSupplier((matcher) -> matcher.bestMatchFor(locale))
  .build();

assertEquals("افتح الكتاب.", strings.get(
  "Open {{document}}.", Map.of("definiteness", Definiteness.DEFINITE)
));

assertEquals("افتح كتابًا.", strings.get(
  "Open {{document}}.", Map.of("definiteness", Definiteness.INDEFINITE)
));

assertEquals("افتح كتاب الطالب.", strings.get(
  "Open {{document}}.", Map.of("definiteness", Definiteness.CONSTRUCT)
));

Solar and lunar article pronunciation

The definite article is written ال in both cases, but its pronunciation assimilates before solar letters. Transliteration makes the selected pronunciation visible: ash-shams versus al-qamar.

Language reference: University of Oregon - the Arabic definite article

Lokalized forms used: Phonetic

Sample localized strings file
ar-EG.json Localized Strings File (Arabic (Egypt)) 
{
  "Pronounce the definite noun.": {
    "translation": "{{word}}",
    "placeholders": {
      "word": {
        "value": "word",
        "translations": {
          "PHONETIC_SOLAR": "ash-shams (الشمس)",
          "PHONETIC_LUNAR": "al-qamar (القمر)"
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

The application-provided resolver classifies each raw term at runtime. Its small lookup map stands in for application-specific pronunciation logic or a lexicon.

Usage and expected results
Locale locale = Locale.forLanguageTag("ar-EG");

Map<String, Phonetic> phoneticsByTerm = Map.ofEntries(
  Map.entry("الشمس", Phonetic.SOLAR),
  Map.entry("القمر", Phonetic.LUNAR)
);
PhoneticResolver phoneticResolver = (term, ignoredLocale) ->
  phoneticsByTerm.getOrDefault(term, Phonetic.OTHER);

Strings strings = Strings.withFallbackLocale(locale)
  .localizedStringSupplier(() -> LocalizedStringLoader.loadFromFilesystem(Paths.get("strings")))
  .phoneticResolver(phoneticResolver)
  .localeSupplier((matcher) -> matcher.bestMatchFor(locale))
  .build();

assertEquals("ash-shams (الشمس)", strings.get(
  "Pronounce the definite noun.", Map.of("word", "الشمس")
));

assertEquals("al-qamar (القمر)", strings.get(
  "Pronounce the definite noun.", Map.of("word", "القمر")
));

Addendum: Language Form Rules

The language form expressions above are specified by Unicode Technical Standard #35 and use the following notation:

  • n absolute value of the source number (integer and decimals)
  • i integer digits of n
  • v number of visible fraction digits in n, with trailing zeros
  • w number of visible fraction digits in n, without trailing zeros
  • f visible fractional digits in n, with trailing zeros
  • t visible fractional digits in n, without trailing zeros
  • c/e compact decimal exponent operands used by some CLDR compact-number rules